隨著電業自由化以及市場競爭的來臨，如何維持可靠的電源供給及系統的安全操作，是獨立系統操作者(ISO)或決策者主要關心的課題。就電業自由化環境下電力調度運轉與規劃而言，由於相關的決策眾多，操作複雜，若不輔以計算機協助，單靠ISO或決策者，實難以勝任。為增加運轉效率以及利益，開發一快速且有效的電力調度系統運轉策略於解制後的能源管理系統(EMS)，以減少ISO或決策者的工作負荷與壓力，避免操作不當而產生不公平或不合理的交易或競爭，乃有其迫切性需要。傳統EMS，電力調度最主要的功能即為「網路分析」及「預測與排程」，為了應付自由化後電業之新環境，許多 「即時」無法預測的變數，還另須加入「運轉規劃」相關功能，以加強電力調度整體的可靠與安全性。由於EMS之部份功能有須要重新考量或重新加入，以適應自由化後之新環境。因此本論文針對解制後EMS的「網路分析」及「預測與排程」之部份功能深入研究，其內容包括：「資源排程」、「最佳化電力潮流實虛功控制」及「發電業競標策略」等。於「資源排程」，我們以現貨市場電力池之模式，探討「競價為基礎之動態經濟調度」與「電力」及「備轉容量」之現貨調度兩個問題。除了提出自由化中最大化「社會福利」之完整問題描述之外，並發展以內部點法為基礎之求解方法，來實現最佳之資源分配及現貨價格計算。於「最佳化電力潮流實虛功調度」，我們將彈性交流輸電系統結合於此自由化之議題中，作為「壅塞管理」之評估方案，而僅須稍加修改傳統交流最佳化電力潮流，就能以內部點法來實現。本論文除了驗證內部點法在求解上述問題的功效之外，同時也確認所提出的「預測-校正式」內部點法，在強韌及收斂特性等性能上，較優於傳統內部點法。接著，本論文提出以模糊集理論為基礎之策略對局方法，來決定「發電業競標策略」。經由歸屬函數和其運算，由多準則決策方法來分析決策者的選擇，同時透過權重向量所代表的主觀態度，來完整表示其多目標函數的結構，進而決定自己最為有利的策略。本論文所提出之方法比傳統對局理論的機率方法，更能夠協助決策者獲得較高的期望利益，所獲得的決策也更接近實際。除此之外，本論文所提出之模糊為基礎之策略對局於電力系統其他決策問題，具有潛在的應用價值。

With the deregulation of power industry and the market competition, reliable power supply and secured system operation are major concerns of the independent system operator (ISO) or decision-maker (DM). Power dispatch under deregulated environment is complicated with various possibilities of decisions involved. Without the assistance of Energy Management System (EMS), it is not easy for ISO or DM to operate with pure experiences. To enhance the operational efficiency, EMS involves the state-of-the-art control technology, and the fast and effective computer assisted decision support system will help dispatch the power. A conventional EMS has a few major tasks, among them, the “network analysis” task and the “forecast and scheduling” task are the most important in assisting the on-line power dispatch. In dealing with the new deregulated environment, an “operational planning” has to be added to aid the EMS for more security. There are significant changes on EMS after deregulation. This dissertation will focus on the changes and new functions, in the “network analysis” and the “forecast and scheduling” tasks of an EMS, which supports the operation in the competitive environment. In the “network analysis” task, we discuss the real and reactive power dispatch and congestion management with AC optimal power flow (OPF). In this task, the formulation of AC OPF with deregulation issues and the effect of flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices are presented. A predictor-corrector interior-point nonlinear-programming (PCIPNLP) algorithm has been developed to solve the problem. The model involves only slight modification to the present OPF for social welfare maximization to obtain the optimized bid-based dispatch and nodal spot prices. The incorporation of FACTS devices for system operations can ease the difficulties caused by transmission congestion. It is found that PCIPNLP technique is very effective for the modified OPF solution for congestion relief under deregulation. In the “forecast and scheduling” task, we discuss the resource scheduling for bid-based dynamic economic dispatch and spot dispatch for power and reserve. They can be formulated for social welfare maximizing problem that is solved by using an efficient interior point method. And the optimal resource allocation and nodal spot price can be given from the various test results. We have also proposed a fuzzy based strategic gaming method to determine the GenCo’s bidding strategy. Based on fuzzy set theory, a multi-criteria decision-making method is used to obtain the optimal strategy combination, bids and expected payoffs. Decision maker can find the optimal strategy combination by using weight vector to represent his subjective attitude about the structure of multi-objectives. The advantages have also been demonstrated through the numerical examples. Compared with the classical (“nonfuzzy”) game theory, the proposed approach could help the decision maker to obtain higher expected payoffs, and make his choices easily. Possible applications of the proposed fuzzy method can be suggested for other decision-making problems in the power systems

誌謝……………………………………………. I
中文摘要………………………………………. II
英文摘要………………………………………. IV
目錄……………………………………………. VI
圖目錄…………………………………………. IX
表目錄…………………………………………. XI

第一章 緒論…………………………………. 1
1-1 研究背景…………………………………………. 1
1-1-1各國電力市場之概況………………………….. 7
1-1-2彈性交流輸電系統(FACTS)之簡介…………… 8
1-2 研究目的及方法………………………….……… 10
1-3 本論文之貢獻……………………………….…… 13
1-4 章節概要………………………………………..… 14
第二章 競價為基礎之動態經濟調度………. 17
2-1前言………………………………………………… 17
2-2完整問題之描述………………………………… 18
2-2-1目標函數……………………………………….. 18
2-2-2限制條件……………………………………….. 19
2-3內部點法之推導及流程………………………… 21
2-4本章結論…………………………………………… 28
第三章 電力與備轉容量之現貨調度………. 29
3-1前言…………………………………………………. 29
3-2完整問題之描述………………………………….. 32
3-3節點現貨價格之計算……………………………. 37
3-4本章結論…………………………………………… 38
第四章 最佳化電力潮流實虛功控制………. 40
4-1前言…………………………………………………. 40
4-2完整問題之描述………………………………….. 42
4-3 FACTS之靜態模型……………………………… 46
4-4求解過程…………………………………………… 49
4-5本章結論…………………………………………… 51
第五章 發電業競標策略……………………. 52
5-1 前言………………………………………………… 52
5-2 完整問題之描述…………………………………. 53
5-2-1數學定義……………………………………….. 54
5-2-2「非模糊」期望利益之雙矩陣(bi-matrix)對局.. 58
5-3 模糊為基礎之策略對局……………………….. 59
5-3-1 條件(conditional)模糊集之歸屬函數…………. 59
5-3-2模糊集 之歸屬函數 ………………... 60
5-3-3非條件(unconditional)歸屬函數 …….. 61
5-3-4最佳策略的歸屬函數 ………………… 61
5-4求解過程…………………………………………… 64
5-5 本章結論………………………………………….. 65
第六章 範例模擬及結果分析………………. 66
6-1前言…………………………………………… 66
6-2競價為基礎之動態經濟調度………………… 66
6-2-1 資源分配及障壁參數測試……….…………… 68
6-2-2能量變化之強韌性…………………..………… 70
6-2-3升降載斜率限制……………………………….. 73
6-2-4線路潮流安全限制…………………...………… 75
6-3電力與備轉容量之現貨調度………………… 75
6-4最佳化電力潮流實虛功控制………………… 91
6-4-1非壅塞調度……………….…………….………. 92
6-4-2壅塞調度……………………………..…………. 94
6-4-3紓解壅塞問題方案之評估……………..………. 95
6-5發電業競標策略……………………………… 100
第七章 結論及未來發展方向………………. 112
7-1結論…………………………………………………. 112
7-2未來發展方向…………………………………….. 115
參考文獻……………………………….……… 117
著作目錄……………………………….……… 125
作者簡歷……………………………….……… 128

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