為減小安定器體積，本文以一含羅森(Rosen)型壓電變壓器之半橋負載共振換流器驅動冷陰極螢光燈。首先，分析對壓電變壓器的工作特性，探討提昇壓電變壓器電壓增益之設計方法；其次，在(1)最小電感、(2)較高電路轉換效率、(3)壓電變壓器之額定輸入限制以及(4)螢光燈穩定操作等考量下，進行電路之分析研究；分別針對額定功率與非對稱脈波寬度調變調光控制兩種應用方式設計電路參數；最後，並以實驗驗證理論分析之結果。

To minimize the size of the electronic ballast, a half-bridge load- resonant inverter with a cascading Rosen-type piezoelectric transformer (PT) is designed for cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs). The electrical characteristics of the PT are investigated to obtain a higher voltage gain by adapting the load impedance to the interposed network. The circuit parameters are selected under the considerations of (1) the minimum inductor size, (2) the higher circuit efficiency, (3) the rated current of the PT, and (4) the stable lamp operation.
The electronic ballasts are designed for operating the lamp at the rated lamp power and with dimming control by asymmetrical pulse-width-modulation (APWM),respectively. Laboratory circuits are assembled and, experimental tests are carried out to validate the theoretical analyse

第一章 簡介 1
1-1研究背景與動機 1
1-2論文大綱 6
第二章 壓電變壓器特性分析 7
2-1壓電變壓器之等效模型與特性 7
2-1-1發展歷程與簡介 7
2-1-2壓電變壓器之等效電路模型 9
2-1-3壓電變壓器等效電路參數之量測 11
2-1-4壓電變壓器等效電路模型之實測 13
2-2 並聯電容對壓電變壓器之影響 15
2-3 一二次側跨接電容對壓電變壓器之影響 20
2-4討論 24
2-5實驗波形量測 27
第三章 額定功率下驅動冷陰極螢光燈 29
3-1電路架構與等效電路 29
3-2電路分析 32
3-3判斷電路穩定之方法 33
3-3-1負增量電阻的特性 34
3-3-2電流控制型負增量電阻的電路穩定特性 35
3-3-3公式推演 37
3-4電路參數設計 39
3-4-1燈管模型之建立 39
3-4-2壓電變壓器輸出端之並聯電容CL 41
3-4-3取決安定器電路之工作頻率 41
3-4-4共振電感Lr與共振電容Cr 42
3-4-5穩定下最小電感體積之考量 44
3-5電路模擬分析 45
3-5-1模擬電路 45
3-5-2模擬結果 46
3-6實驗波形量測 49
第四章 調光特性分析 53
4-1脈波寬度調變(PWM)調光控制 53
4-2 調光分析 54
4-3穩定下與調光範圍內共振參數之取決 58
4-4實驗波形與量測 62
4-4-1非對稱脈波寬度調變(APWM)控制電路 62
4-4-2實測結果 64
第五章 結論與討論 70
第六章 參考文獻 72

[1]Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, Lighting Handbook, New York, 1993.
[2]K. Yuasa, K. Nishimura, Y. Hara and Y. Dobashi, “A low power consumption fluorescent lamp for LCD backlighting,” IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, pp. 124, 1996.
[3]M. Jordan and J. A. O'Connor, “Resonant fluorescent lamp converter provides efficient and compact solution,” Conference Proceedings of IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, pp. 424-431, 1993.
[4]J. A. Donahue, P. E. and M. M. Jovanović, “The LCC inverter as a cold cathode fluorescent lamp driver,” Conference Proceedings of IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, pp. 427-433, 1994.
[5]R. Redl and K, Arakawa, “A low-cost control IC for single-transistor ZVS cold-cathode fluorescent lamp inverters and DC/DC converters,” Conference Proceedings of IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, pp. 1042 -1049, 1997.
[6]O. Ohnishi, H. Kichie, A. Iwamoto, Y. Sasaki, T. Zaitsu and T. Inoue, “Piezoelectric ceramic transformer operating in thickness extensional vibration mode for power supply,” Proceedings of IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, Vol. 1, pp. 483-488, 1992.
[7]M. Ueda, M. Satoh, S. Ohtsu and N. Wakatsuki, “Piezoelectric transformer using energy trapping of width-shear vibration in LiNbO3 plate,” Proceedings of IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, Vol.2, pp. 977-980, 1992.
[8]S. Hirose, N. Takita and S. Takahashi, “New design method of piezoelectric transformer considering high-power characteristics of various composition ceramics,” Proceedings of IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, Vol. 1, pp. 953-958, 1998.
[9]M. Katsuno, and Y. Fuda, “Piezoelectric transformer using inter-digital internal electrodes,” Proceedings of IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, Vo. 1, pp. 897-900, 1998.
[10]K, Kanayama, “Thermal analysis of a piezoelectric transformer,” Proceedings of IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, Vol. 1, pp. 901-904, 1998.
[11]S. Hamamura, T. Zaitsu, T. Ninomiya and M. Shoyama, “Noise characteristics of piezoelectric-transformer DC-DC converter,” IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, pp. 1262-1267, 1998.
[12]S. Glozman and S. Ben-Yaakov, “Dynamic interaction of high frequency electronic ballasts and fluorescent lamps,’’ IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, pp.1363-1368, 2000.
[13]S. Ben-Yaakov, M. Shvartsas and G. Ivensky, “HF Multiresonant Electronic Ballast for Fluorescent Lamps with Constant Filament Preheat Voltage”, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference, pp. 911-917, 2002.
[14]E. Deng, S. Cuk, “Negative Incremental Impedance and stability of Fluorescent Lamps’’, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference, pp. 1050-1056, 1997.
[15]J. Ribas, J. M. Alonso, E. L. Corominas, A. J. Calleja and M.Rico-Secades, “Design Considerations for Optimum Ignition and Dimming of Fluorescent Lamps Using a Resconant Inverter Operating Open Loop’’, IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, pp.2068-2075, 1998.
[16]E. Santi, Z. Zhang and S. Cuk, “High Frequency Electronic Ballast Provides Line Frequency Lamp Current”, IEEE Power Electronic Spectialists Conference, pp. 2047-2054, 1998.
[17]J. Millman and N. Taub, Pulse, Digital, and Switching Waveforms, Chapter 13, McGraw-Hill Book Co.
[18]M. S. Lin, J. B. Lio, D. Y. Chen and W. -S. Feng, “Primary-side dimming control driver for cold-cathode fluorescent lamps,” Electronics Letters, Vol. 32, No. 15, pp. 1334-1335, July, 1996.
[19]M. S. Lin, M. C. Lee, D. Y. Chen and W. -S. Feng, “Synchronous dimming control for a cold-cathode fluorescent lamp driver,” Electronics Letters, Vol. 32, No. 13, pp. 1151-1153, June, 1996.
[20]T. Zaitsu, T. Shigehisa, T. Inoue, M. Shoyama and T. Ninomiya, “Piezoelectric transformer converter with frequency control,” The 17th International Telecommunications Energy Conference, pp. 175-180, 1995.
[21]T. Zaitsu, T. Shigehisa, M. Shoyama and T. Ninomiya, “Piezoelectric transformer converter with PWM control,” Conference Proceedings of IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, pp. 279-283, 1996.
[22]P. J. M. Smidt, and J. L. Duarte, “Powering Neon Lamps through Piezoelectric Transformers,” IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, pp. 310-315, 1996.
[23]H. Fukunaga, H. Kakehashi, H. Ogasawara, and Y. Ohta, “Effect of Dimension on Characteristics of Rosen-Type Piezoelectric Transformer,” IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, pp. 1504-1510, 1998.
[24]D. O. Hur, T. K. Kang, C. H. Cho, H. M. Lee, H. K. Ahn, and D. Y. Han, “Design and Fabrication of Piezoelectric Ceramic Transformers for LCD Backlight,” International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, pp. 843-846, 1997.
[25]H. Kakehashi, T. Hidaka, T. Ninomiya, M. Shoyama, H. Ogasawara, and Y. Ohta, “Electronic Ballast Using Piezoelectric Transformers for Fluorescent Lamps,” IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, pp. 29-35, 1998.
[26]S. J. Choi, K. C. Lee, and B. H. Cho, “Design of Fluorescent Lamp Ballast with PFC Using a Power Piezoelectric Transformer,” IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, pp. 1135-1141, 1998.
[27]C. S. Moo, H. L. Cheng, and Y. N. Chang, “A Single-Stage High-Power-Factor Dimmable Electronic Ballast with Asymmetrical Pulse-Width-Modulation for Fluorescent Lamps,” IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, pp. 2273-2278, 2000.
[28]C. A. Rosen, “Ceramic Transformer and filters,’’ Proceeding Electronic Comp. Symposium. , pp. 205-211, 1956.
[29]J. Moriki, M. Shiojiet, and T. Itoh, et al., “Drive Circuit for Piezoelectric High Voltage Generating Device,” US Patent, NO. 4054806, 1977.
[30]C.Y. Lin and F.C. Lee, “Design of a Piezoelectric Transformer Converter and Its Matching Network,” Power Electronic Specialists Conference. Record, pp. 607-612, 1994.
[31]H. W. Katz, Solid State Magnetic and Dielectric Devices. NY:, Wiely, pp. 94-126, 1959.
[32]D. A. Beringcont, D. R. Curran and H. Jaffe, “Piezoelectric and Piezomagentic materials and their function in transducers”, In: W.P. Mason, ed., Physical Acoustic, Vol. 1A, Academic Press, New York, pp.233-249, 1964.
[33]P. J. Baxandall, “Transsistor Sine-Wave LC Oscillators, Some General Consideration and New Development,” Proceeding IEE, Vol. 106, Pt. B, suppl. 16, pp. 748-758, May 1959.
[34]C. S. Moo, H. C. Yen, Y. C. Hsieh and C. R. Lee, “ A Fluorescet Lamp Model for High-frequency Electronic Ballasts,” IEEE Industry Application Society Annual Meeting, pp. 3361-3366, 2000.
[35]C. S. Moo, H. L. Cheng and Y. N. Chang, “Single-stage high-power-factor electronic ballast with asymmetrical pulse-width-modulation for fluorescent lamps, ” IEE Proceedings- Electric Power Applications, Vol. 148, Issue:2, pp. 125-132, 2001.