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博碩士論文 etd-0610107-195536 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0610107-195536
論文名稱
Title
國中一年級學生一元一次方程式解題策略 及錯誤類型之研究
A Study of Problem-Solving Strategies and Errors in linear equations with one unknown for Junior High School Students
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
159
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2007-05-21
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2007-06-10
關鍵字
Keywords
一元一次方程式、解題錯誤類型、解題策略
error types, solution strategies, linear equations with one unknown
統計
Statistics
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The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5671 times, has been downloaded 16 times.
中文摘要
中文摘要
本研究的主要目的在探討國中一年級學生在文字符號、一元一次式、一元一次方程式及應用問題的解題策略及錯誤答題類型,希望作為教師實施補救教學或改進教學策略之參考。
本研究的試題參考12次國中基本學力測驗中(90-95每年二次)
曾經出現過的一元一次方程式試題。研究對象則是選取高雄市Y國中(都會區)、高雄縣T國中(一般城鎮)、屏東縣Z國中(鄰近海邊)等三所國中成為方便樣本,再於三所學校各取二班學生作正式施測。六個班級的選取方式為隨機抽取,人數共188名。
本研究的主要結果如下:
1、十題測驗題目的平均正確率為49.10%,顯示至少有51%的學生在文字符號的運算及一元一次方程式的解題是有困難的
2、學生的解題策略以移項法則使用次數最多,偶而出現等量公理以及列舉評估法。代入法、還原法、隱藏法等三種解題策略均無學生使用。
3、學生的主要錯誤類型有:不知如何使用文字符號、不了解文字符號的意義、不同類項隨意合併、不了解括號意義、不會作括號計算及不會化簡方程式等。

4、學生解題失敗的主要錯誤原因為:不了解方程式的意義,不了解同類項的意義與合併規則以及在解方程式時會因運算符號、未知數的位置及題目是否是分數而造成錯誤原因之發生。
關鍵字:一元一次方程式、解題策略、解題錯誤類型
Abstract
Abstract

The fundamental purpose of this research is to discuss the solution strategies and error types when seventh-grade students in middle school solved simple equations with one unknown and application problems; we hope results can provide reference for teachers in remedial teaching and in improving instructional.

The items in the examination paper used in this research were taken from 12 past papers of basic competency test in Taiwan (2001 to 2006, twice a year). The subjects were students from Kaohsiung City Y Middle School (City region), Kaohsiung County T Middle School (Ordinary town) and Pingtung County Z Middle School (Near seacoast) forming a convenience sample. The investigators selected 2 classes from each school by random, with a total of 188 students.

The main results of this research are as follows:

1. There are ten questions and the average proportion of correct answers is 49.10%; it shows that, at least 51% students have difficulties in solving symbolic operation and linear equations with one unknown.

2. The solution strategy student used most frequently is Removal of Term. Equal Axiom and Enumeration Evaluation Method were used occasionally. No student used Substitution method, Reduction method and Hidden method.

3. The main error types are: missing knowledge of using symbol; do not understand meanings of symbols; combine dissimilar terms freely; do not understand the meaning of bracket; cannot do calculation involving bracket; and, cannot simplify equation etc.

4. The main reasons for failures are: do not understand the meaning of equation; do not understand combination rules of like terms, position of symbol, unknown variables; whether containing fractions in reducing equation will also cause an error.


Keywords:
linear equations with one unknown, solution strategies, error types.
目次 Table of Contents
國中一年級學生一元一次方程式解題策略
及錯誤類型之研究
目 錄

第一章 緒論……………………………..……………1
第一節 研究動機…………………………………………………1
第二節 研究目的…………………………………………………4
第三節 名詞解釋…………………………………………………5
第四節 研究範圍及限制…………………………………………6
第二章 文獻探討……………………………..…...….7
第一節 學生的代數學學習............................................................7
第二節 一元一次方程式解題研究……………..………………16
第三節 一元一次方程式教材分析..............................................29
第三章 研究方法........................................................37
第一節 研究設計..........................................................................37
第二節 研究對象..........................................................................40
第三節 研究工具..........................................................................42
第四節 研究步驟..........................................................................46

第四章 結果與討論....................................................49
第一節 一元一次方程式單元解題正確及錯誤百分比..............49
第二節 一元一次方程式單元解題策略研究..............................57
第三節 一元一次方程式單元解題錯誤類型..............................74
第四節 一元一次方程式單元解題錯誤原因分析......................90
第五章 結論與建議..................................................108
第一節 結論................................................................................108
第二節 建議................................................................................112
參考文獻.................................................................................116
附錄一:一元一次方程式測驗預試試題..............................122
附錄二:一元一次方程式測驗正式測驗試題......................129
附錄三:正式測驗試題之作答情形......................................134














附表目次
表3-1 各版本教材內容之比較表...........................41
表3-2 預試題目雙向細目表表.............................43
表3-3 預試20題答對率統計表............................44
表3-4 正試題目雙向細目表...............................45
表4-1 測驗人數統計表...................................49
表4-2 正確率統計表.....................................50
表4-3 第(1)題各選項選答人數統計表......................51
表4-4 第(2)題各選項選答人數統計表......................51
表4-5 第(3)題各選項選答人數統計表......................52
表4-6 第(4)題三校合計作答情形統計表....................52
表4-7 第(5)題三校合計作答情形統計表....................53
表4-8 第(6)題三校合計作答情形統計表....................53
表4-9 第(7)題三校合計作答情形統計表....................53
表4-10 第(8)題三校合計作答情形統計表....................54
表4-11 第(10)題三校合計作答情形統計表...................54
表4-12 第(9)題三校合計作答情形統計表....................54


附圖目次
圖3-1 教材地位分析圖...................................36
圖3-2 晤談流程圖.......................................47
圖3-3 研究流程圖.......................................48
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