本研究旨在一座淨水廠探討降低飲用水消毒副產物與微量有機物之處理效能，並建立處理後出水之濃度經驗方程式。主要利用生物濾床（Biological Filter，BF）方法處理水中過量三鹵甲烷(Trihalomethanes，THM)、鹵化乙酸(Haloacetic Acids，HAA)與生物可利用有機碳(Assimilable Organic Carbon，AOC )。
本研究所有實驗分為二階段：第一階段改變BF之不同空床停留時間(Empty Bed Contact Time，EBCT) 處理原水，來探討影響THM, HAA與AOC之去除效率。第二階段建立BF處理系統出水之THM、HAA與AOC之濃度經驗方程式。第一階段實驗結果顯示，原水THM濃度範圍為16.0 - 32.0 μg/L，經BF處理系統之出水THM濃度降低在5.0-14.0 μg/L。當EBCT為30 min、40 min、50 min及60 min時，THM平均去除率分別為43%、59%、63% 及64%。EBCT為50與60 min時，利用生物濾床處理THM之去除效率63%以上。原水HAA平均濃度約50 μg/L，經BF處理系統之出水HAA濃度降低在4 - 8 μg/L。當EBCT為10min、20min、30 min、40 min、50min及 60 min時，HAA平均去除率分別為66%、70%、86%、88%、85%及83% 。EBCT為40,50, 及60 min時，利用生物濾床處理HAA之去除效率80%以上。原水AOC平均濃度約49.2 μg acetate-C/L，經BF處理系統之出水AOC濃度降低約29 μg acetate-C/L。EBCT 為40, 及50 min時，利用生物濾床處理AOC之去除率約50%以上。第二階段結果顯示採用類神經網路方法迴歸分析，建立生物濾床處理出水之THM、HAA與AOC經驗方程式，並由計算與實測值之相關係數(R2)顯示三個水質項目之經驗方程式皆具高度相關性。

This study is focused to investigate the treatment efficiency for reducing disinfection by products and trace organic carbons in a water treatment plant. And the concentrations of empirical equations in effluent of treatment systems were established. In this study a biological filter (BF) was to treat the excess concentrations of trihalomethanes (THM), haloacetic acids (HAA), and assimilable organic carbon (AOC) in treated drinking water.
In this study all experiments were including two steps: in first step tests were changing different empty bed contact times in a biological filter for investigating the treatment efficiencies of THM, HAA, and AOC. In second step the empirical equations of effluent concentrations in a biological filter were established. The results in first step showed the concentrations of THM in effluent of a biological filter were reduced to 5.0-14.0 μg/L when concentrations of THM in raw water were ranging from 16.0 to 32.0μg/L. When EBCT were set on 30 min、40 min、50 min、and 60 min, the average treatment efficiency of THM were about 43%、59%、63% 、and 64% respectively. The selections of EBCT by using a BF could be 50 and 60 minutes for the removal of THM was over 63%.When the concentrations of HAA were about 50μg/L in raw water, the effluent of a biological filter could reduce to 4 - 8 μg/L. When EBCT were set on 10 min、20 min、30 min、40 min, 50 min, and 60 min, the average treatment efficiency of HAA were about 66%, 70%, 86%, 88%, 85%, and 83% respectively. The selections of EBCT by using a BF could be 40, 50 and 60 minutes for the removal of HAA was over 80%.When the concentrations of AOC were about 49.2μg/L in raw water, the effluent of a biological filter could reduce to 29μg/L. When EBCT were set on 40 min and 50 min, the average treatment efficiency of AOC were about 50% and 60% respectively. The selections of EBCT by using a BF could be 40 and 50 minutes for the removal of AOC was over 50%.The results in second step showed the empirical equations of THM, HAA, and AOC in effluent of a BF were established by using an internet network method. The regressions of efficiencies (R2) in the empirical equations showed calculated values and measurement values had high relationships on three items of water quality.

中文摘要 i
目　　錄 v
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 x
第一章　前　　言 1
1-1　研究緣起 1
1-2　研究目的與內容 1
第二章　文獻回顧 3
2-1　自然水體中有機物之分類及性質 3
2-1-1　水中有機物的性質及種類 3
2-1-2　水中有機物之來源及影響 6
2-1-3　淨水場水中有機物變化 8
2-1-4　水中有機物之生物分解程序 9
2-2　淨水處理程序 11
2-2-1　活性碳 11
2-2-2　生物活性碳濾床管柱試驗 11
2-2-3　薄膜 12
2-2-4　淨水場處理程序出水之有機物值變化 16
2-2-5　薄膜處理程序中有機物值變化 17
2-2-6　生物濾床處理程序 18
2-2-7　生物活性碳濾床與薄膜之處理程序 20
2-3　飲用水THM、HAA、AOC 21
2-3-1　消毒副產物定義 21
2-3-2　三鹵甲烷前驅物 23
2-3-3三鹵甲烷分類 24
2-3-4　鹵化乙酸前驅物 24
2-3-5　鹵化乙酸分類 25
2-3-6　生物可利用有機碳 27
2-4　統計分析 30
2-4-1　相關性分析 30
2-4-2　迴歸分析 30
2-4-3　類神經網路方法 30
第三章　研究方法 34
3-1　研究架構及流程 34
3-1-1　研究架構與流程 34
3-2　實驗流程及方法 36
3-2-2　現場模組之BF系統 37
3-2-3　生物濾床實驗方法 39
3-3　水質項目與分析方法 39
3-3-1　總有機碳與溶解性有機碳 40
3-3-2　UV254 40
3-3-3　三鹵甲烷 40
3-3-4　鹵化乙酸 43
3-4　統計分析 46
3-4-1相關性分析 46
3-4-2　線性迴歸分析 47
3-4-3　類神經網路模式概述 48
3-5　分析儀器 52
第四章　結果與討論 53
4-1　原水水質背景調查 53
4-1-1　枯水期原水水質變化 53
4-1-2　豐水期原水水質變化 53
4-2　BF處理效率評估 55
4-2-1　初期階段:生物活性碳濾床馴養 55
4-2-2　BF對有機物處理效率 57
4-3　生物濾床系統對THM與HAA去除效率 59
4-3-1　THM與HAA處理效率 60
4-4　生物性指標處理效率 66
4-5　以類神經網路方法建立BF出水HAA, THM及AOC經驗方程式 71
第五章　結論與建議 78
5-1　結論 78
5-2　建議 79
參考文獻 80

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