摘要

傳統上聲音、資料、圖像是由不同的傳播管道所傳輸，所以會有電信、有線電視等傳播產業之分。但在科技進步的推波助瀾下，產業的界限已逐漸模糊；這樣的現象使得不同產業間的競爭成為可能，更增加了產業整合的可能性，而有產業互跨的趨勢。然而傳統的管制架構是依據不同的產品、服務或是技術來界定不同的管制範籌，從而訂出不同的管制規範。但是來自科技上與市場上的改變，使得傳統的管制思維不再適應現代的發展。因此有必要提出一個新的管制架構來因應新的市場與環境。

而歐盟自1980年代即開始對這些相關課題投注極大的心力益提出足以因應未來情勢的管制架構，所以在本文第三章中我們要對本論文的觀察對象，歐洲聯盟 (EU) 組織的角色與功能的界定與運作模式作一概略的敘述；並將列出歐盟為有效因應整合趨勢所採取的具體管制策略。

接著在第四章中本論文將分別從兩個面向來分析歐盟的管制機制：管制機構與管制手段。在管制機構方面，我們會剖析管制當局在運作過程中所扮演的角色與態度。在管制手段方面，將從目標、類型、策略的層級來分析這些不同手段在管制上的意涵。

最後，研究者試著從以上章節的分析中，去尋求一個概括性的管制架構以做為我國管制當局的參考；此外，歐盟各國在這些法律規範上的協調過程，也有助於我國將來加入世界貿易時，處理國際性事務的借鏡。

THESIS ABSTRACT

A Study on the Regulation for Convergence of Telecommunication and Cable TV Industries -Sampling European Union

Audio, video and data are transferred by different channels traditionally. Therefore, there are diverse industries such as telecommunications, cable TV etc. But now the boundary between industries is ambiguous which is affected by technology development. This phenomenon makes it possible that competition exists between different industries. Moreover, it enhances the opportunities of convergence of industries and operation across industries. However conventional regulation defines regulatory scope according to products, services or technology. But changes of technology and market make conventional regulation unsuitable to current environment. Hence we should take a new regulation framework adapted to new market and development.
European Union had involved these issues since 1980s and submitted a regulation framework suitable for future situation. Therefore, the researcher describes the roles and functions of relating authorities of E.U. and demonstrates the concrete implementations in response to convergence.
Afterward, the researcher analyzes E.U. regulation by two perspectives: regulation authorities and regulation measures. From regulation authority perspective, the roles and attitudes about operation process are observed. From regulation measure perspective, these measures will be analyzed by goal, type and strategic level.
Finally, the researcher tries to search for a general regulation framework for Taiwan’s reference. In addition, after Taiwan’s entrance to WTO, the process of negotiation between countries of E.U. could be a reference for Taiwan’s authority to deal with international affairs.

目 次

第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 2
第二節 研究動機 3
第三節 研究目的 4
第四節 研究架構 5
第五節 研究方法 7
第二章 文獻探討 8
第一節 整合的定義與發展 8
第二節 產業管制理論 27
第三章 歐盟管制架構 36
第一節 歐盟之管制機構與職掌 37
第二節 歐盟之產業管制政策 42
第四章 歐盟管制體制分析 56
第一節 歐盟的管制機構分析 56
第二節 歐盟管制措施分析 64
第五章 結論與建議 70
第一節 研究結論 70
第二節 政策建議 74
第三節 研究限制 75
參考文獻 77
中文書籍 77
英文書籍 78
歐盟官方文件 79
網站 82


圖 表 目 錄

圖 1：研究架構圖 6
圖 2：整合階段 14
圖 3：價值鍊分析 18
圖 4：主要參與者在價值鍊中的定位與彼此間的關係 20
圖 5：歐盟管制流程圖 60

表 1：水平與垂直整合之原因 12
表 2：管制措施與政策目標關係表 65
表 3：管制措施與管制類型關係表 66
表 4：管制措施與管制策略關係表 68

中文書籍

吳惠林、鍾琴、黃美齡譯，George J. Stigler著，1994，〈人民與國家─管制經濟學論文集〉，台北，遠流出版社。
邱政宗，1993，〈歐體經濟整合的內部與外部效應〉，《經社法制論叢》，11。
陳銘祥、蔡宗珍，1999，〈資訊法規〉，台北，元照出版社。
張中亞，1998，〈歐洲統合：政府間主義與超國家主義的互動〉，台北，揚智文化。
張佳弘，2000，〈從政府管制探討競爭政策〉，《公平交易季刊》，8。
黃琛瑜，1999，〈歐洲聯盟─跨世紀政治工程〉，台北，五南圖書出版公司。
黃喻麟譯，1999，〈地球零距離〉，台北，新新聞文化事業。
鈴木實，1989，〈通訊法體系〉，行政院經建會健全經社法規工作小組翻譯。
鄭瑞城等，1993，〈解構廣電媒體-建立廣電新秩序〉, 台北，澄社。
廖元豪，1997，〈從媒體結構多樣化，論開放電話業者從事有線電視服務之可行性〉，《經社法制論叢》，20。
廖元豪，2000，〈電信管制程序之研究-電信法制與行政程序法之配合〉，《經社法制論叢》，26。







英文書籍

Dyson, Kenneth and Humphreys, Peter. 1990. “Introduction: politics, markets and communication policies.” The Political Economy of Communications: International and European Dimensions. New York: Routledge.
Dyson, Kenneth and Humphreys, Peter. 1990. “Conclusion” The Political Economy of Communications: International and European Dimensions. New York: Routledge.
Pierce, Jr., Richard J., and Ernest Gellhorn. 1994. Regulated Industries in a Nutshell. St. Paul: West Publishing Co.
Horwitz, Robert Britt. 1989. The Irony of Regulatory Reform: The Deregulation of American Telecommunications. New York: Oxford University Press.
Maddock, Rodney. 1997. “Telecommunications and economic development.” The new Research Frontiers of Communications Policy. Australian National University.
Papathanassopoulos, Stylianos. 1990. “Broadcasting and the European Community: the Commission’s audiovisual policy.” The Political Economy of Communications: International and European Dimensions. New York: Routledge.
Schneider, Volker and Werle, Raymund. 1990. “International regime or corporate actor? The European Community in telecommunications policy.” The Political Economy of Communications: International and European Dimensions. New York: Routledge.
Stephen G., Breyer. 1982. Regulation and its Reform. Cambridge. Mass.: Harvard University Press.15-36.
Stephen G., Breyer. 1982. Regulation and Its Reform. Cambridge. Mass.: Harvard University Press. 21-23.
Waterson, Michael. 1989. Regulation of the Firm and Natural Monopoly. 1-12.


歐盟官方文件

EU. 1977. 6th Council Directive 77/388/EEC of 17 May 1977 on the Harmonization of the Laws of the Member States Relating to Turn-over Taxes.
EU. 1987 Council Directive 87/372/EEC of 25 June 1987 on the Frequency Bands to be Reserved for the Co-ordinated Introduction of Public Pan-European Cellular Digital Land-Based Mobile Communications in the European Community.
EU. 1987. Green Paper on the Development of the Common Market for Telecommunications Services and Equipment, COM(87)290, 30.06.87.
EU. 1988. Commission Directive 88/301/EEC of 16 May 1988 on Competition in the Markets in Telecommunications Terminal Equipment.
EU. 1990. Commission Directive 90/388/EEC of 28 June 1990 on competition in the markets for telecommunications services.
EU. 1990. Council Directive 90/387/EEC of 28 June 1990 on the Establishing of the internal Market for Telecommunications Services through the Implementation of Open Network Provision.
EU. 1990. Council Directive 90/544/EEC of 9 October 1990 on the Frequency Bands Designated for the Co-ordinated Introduction of Pan-European Land-based Public Radio Paging in the Community.
EU. 1991. Council Directive 91/287/EEC of 3 June 1991 on the Frequency Bands Designated for the Co-ordinated Introduction of Digital European Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) into the Community.
EU. 1992. Council Directive 92/44/EEC of 5 June 1992 on the Application of Open Network Provision to Leased Lines.
EU. 1992. Council Recommendation 92/382/EEC of 5 June 1992 on the Harmonised Provision of a Minimum Set of Packet-switched Data Service (PSDS) in Accordance with Open Network Provision (ONP) Principles.
EU. 1993. Council Directive 93/38/EEC on Coordinating the Procurement Procedures of Entities Operating in the Water, Energy, Transport and Telecommunications Sectors.
EU. 1994. Commission Directive 94/4/EEC of 13 October 1994 amending Directive 88/301/EEC and Directive 90/388/EEC in particular with regard to satellite communication.
EU. 1994. Commission Directive 94/46/EC of 13 October 1994 Amending Directive 88/301/EEC and Directive 90/388/EEC in Particular with Regard to Satellite Communications.
EU. 1994. Communication on the Consultation on the Green Paper on Mobile and Personal Communications in the European Union, COM(94)492 final, 23.11.94.
EU. 1995. Commission Directive 95/51/EC of 18 October 1995 Amending Directive 90/388/EEC with Regard to the abolition of the Restrictions on the use of Cable Television Networks for the Provision of Already Liberalized Telecommunications Services.
EU. 1995. Communication on the Consultation on the Green Paper on the Liberalisation of Telecommunications Infrastructure and Cable Television Networks, COM(95)158 final, 3.05.95.
EU. 1995. Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the Protection of Individuals with regard to the Processing of Personal Data and on the Free Movement of Such Data.
EU. 1995. Directive 95/47/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the Use of Television Transmission Standards.
EU. 1996. Commission Directive 96/2/EC of 16 January 1996 Amending Directive 90/388/EEC with Regard to Mobile and Personal Communications.
EU. 1996. Commission Directive 96/19/EC of 13 March 1996 Amending Commission Directive 90/388/EEC with regard to the Implementation of Full Competition in Telecommunications Markets.
EU. 1996. Directive 96/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on a Common Framework for General Authorizations and Individuals Licenses in the Field of Telecommunications Services.
EU. 1997. Communication COM(97)237 from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the Implementation of the Telecommunications Regulatory Package.
EU. 1997. Directive 97/33/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 30 June 1997 on Interconnection in Telecommunications with Regard to Eensuring Universal Service and Interoperability through Application of the Principles of Open Network Provision (ONP).
EU. 1997. Directive 97/66/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council Concerning the Processing of Personal Data and the Protection of Privacy in the Telecommunications Sector.
EU. 1997. European Parliament and Council Directive 97/13/EC of 10 April 1997 on a Common Framework for General Authorizations and Individual Licenses in the Field of Telecommunications Services.
EU. 1997. Green Paper on the Convergence of the Telecommunications, Media and Information Technology Sectors, and the Implications for Regulation Towards An Information Society Approach. COM(97)623.
EU. 1998. Directive 98/10/EC on the Application of Open Network Provision (ONP) to Voice Telephony and on Universal Service for Telecommunications in a Competitive Environment.
EU. 1998. Directive 98/61/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 September 1998 Amending Directive 97/33/EC with regard to Number Portability and Carrier Pre-selection.
EU. 1999. Commission Directive 1999/64/EC of 23 June 1999 Amending Directive 90/388/EEC in order to Ensure that Telecommunications Networks and Cable TV Networks Owned by a Single Operator are Separate Legal Entities.
EU. 1999. Fifth Report on the Implementation of the Telecommunications Regulatory Package.
EU. 1999. Status Report on European Union Electronic Communications Policy.
EU. 1999. Towards a New Framework for Electronic Communications Infrastructure and Associated Services-The 1999 Communications Review.


網站

http://europa.eu.int/
http://icm.cm.nsysu.edu.tw/kwk/index.htm
http://www.trade.gov.tw/region_org/region_index.htm
http://www.oecd.org/