本論文提出ㄧ系列的耦合式饋入手機天線，適合應用於現今內藏行動通訊裝置。首先，將耦合式饋入與傳統倒F形天線做結合，使得在低頻900 MHz附近產生雙共振，以達成寬頻頻寬涵蓋GSM850，GSM900，DCS以及 PCS頻帶操作；接著，我們將耦合式饋入應用於單一路徑的PIFA，其長度接近八分之ㄧ波長在900 MHz，使得該天線在900 與1900 MHz之輸入阻抗大幅降低，以產生兩個操作頻帶涵蓋GSM900，DCS，PCS以及UMTS系統操作；最後，提出一耦合式饋入折疊手機天線，亦可操作於八分一波長模態，達成涵蓋GSM850，GSM900，DCS以及 PCS系統的頻帶操作。

A variety of internal mobile phone antennas with a coupling feed are proposed. The antennas are suitable to be embedded in the mobile communication devices. At first, the coupling feed is incorporated to the conventional dual-band PIFA (planar inverted-F antenna) to achieve a dual-resonance excitation at about 900 MHz such that the obtained bandwidths can easily cover GSM850, GSM900, DCS and PCS operations. Then, the coupling feed is further applied to the PIFA with a single resonant path close to about one-eighth wavelength at 900 MHz. In this design, the large input impedance at 900 and 1900 MHz can be greatly decreased to allow the PIFA to generate two operating bands at about 900 and 1900 MHz to cover GSM900, DCS, PCS and UMTS operations. Finally, a compact quad-band folder-type mobile phone antenna with a coupling feed is proposed. The one-eighth wavelength mode can be excited, and the obtained bandwidths cover GSM850, GSM900, DCS and PCS operations.

第一章 序論 (Introduction) 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 文獻導覽 2
1.3 論文提要 2

第二章 耦合饋入四頻手機天線設計 (Quad-Band Mobile Phone Antenna with a Coupling Feed) 4
2.1 天線設計與原理 4
2.2 實驗結果與分析 6
2.3 心得與討論 15

第三章 耦合饋入縮小化四頻手機天線 (Comapct Quad-Band Mobile Phone Antenna with a Coupling Feed) 16
3.1 天線設計與原理 17
3.2 實驗結果與分析 18
3.3 心得與討論 25

第四章 耦合饋入縮小化四頻折疊手機天線 (Compact Quad-Band Folder-Type Mobile Phone Antenna with a Coupling Feed 27
4.1 天線設計與原理 28
4.2 實驗結果與分析 30
4.3 心得與討論 37
第五章 結論 (Conclusion) 39

參考文獻 (References) 41

論文著作表 (Publication List) 44

圖2.1 耦合饋入四頻手機天線：(a)天線結構圖；(b)天線平面展開圖。 5
圖2.2 本章天線量測與模擬之返回損失圖。 7
圖2.3 耦合式饋入天線與傳統倒F形天線之返回損失比較圖(模擬值)。 8
圖2.4 本章天線未植入耦合式饋入之結構圖。 9
圖2.5 本章天線未植入耦合式饋入與植入後比較返回損失圖(模擬值)。 9
圖2.6 本章天線未植入耦合式饋入與植入後比較輸入阻抗圖(模擬值)。 10
圖2.7 變化耦合金屬部長度參數(a)寬度參數(b)比較圖(模擬值)。 11
圖2.8 本章天線在頻率為860 MHz之遠場輻射場型量測圖。 12
圖2.9 本章天線在頻率為925 MHz之遠場輻射場型量測圖。 12
圖2.10 本章天線在頻率為1795 MHz之遠場輻射場型量測圖。 13
圖2.11 本章天線在頻率為1920 MHz之遠場輻射場型量測圖。 13
圖2.12 本章天線在GSM850/900頻帶內之量測增益與模擬輻射效率圖。 14
圖2.13 本章天線在DCS/PCS頻帶內之量測增益與模擬輻射效率圖。 14
圖3.1 天線設計之結構圖：(a)天線結構圖；(b)天線平面展開圖。 19
圖3.2 本章天線量測與模擬之返回損失圖。 20
圖3.3 本章天線與直接饋入PIFA比較(a)返回損失圖(b)阻抗圖。 21
圖3.4 直接饋入的倒F形天線結構圖。 21
圖3.5 變化耦合金屬線段參數(a)寬度(b)長度之返回損失比較圖(模擬值)。 22
圖3.6 變化短路金屬臂c之返回損失比較圖(模擬值)。 23
圖3.7 本章天線在頻率為925 MHz之遠場輻射場型量測圖。 23
圖3.8 本章天線在頻率為1795 MHz之遠場輻射場型量測圖。 24
圖3.9 本章天線在頻率為1920 MHz之遠場輻射場型量測圖。 24
圖3.10 本章天線在頻率為2045 MHz之遠場輻射場型量測圖。 25
圖3.11 本章天線在GSM900頻帶內之量測增益與模擬輻射效率圖。 26
圖3.12 本章天線在DCS/PCS/UMTS頻帶內之量測增益與模擬輻射效率圖。 26
圖4.1 天線設計結構圖：(a)天線結構圖；(b)天線側面展開與閉合圖；(c)天線平面展開圖。 29
圖4.2 本章天線量測與模擬之返回損失圖(通話狀態時)。 31
圖4.3 本章天線通話狀態與待機狀態之量測返回損失圖。 31
圖4.4 本章天線與直接饋入PIFA比較之(a)返回損失圖及(b)阻抗圖。 32
圖4.5 直接饋入的倒F形天線結構圖。 32
圖4.6 變化耦合金屬線段參數(a)寬度(b)長度之返回損失比較圖(模擬值)。 34
圖4.7 變化短路金屬臂d之返回損失比較圖(模擬值)。 35
圖4.8 本章天線在頻率為860 MHz之遠場輻射場型量測圖。 35
圖4.9 本章天線在頻率為925 MHz之遠場輻射場型量測圖。 36
圖4.10 本章天線在頻率為1795 MHz之遠場輻射場型量測圖。 36
圖4.11 本章天線在頻率為1920 MHz之遠場輻射場型量測圖。 37
圖4.12 本章天線在GSM850/GSM900頻帶內之量測增益與模擬輻射效率圖。 37
圖4.13 本章天線在DCS/PCS/UMTS頻帶內之量測增益與模擬輻射效率圖。 38

[1] K. L. Wong and C. I. Lin, “Internal GSM/DCS antenna backed by a step-shaped ground plane for a PDA phone,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 54, pp. 2408-2410, Aug. 2006.
[2] K. L. Wong, Y. C. Lin and B. Chen, “Internal patch antenna with a thin air-layer substrate for GSM/DCS operation in a PDA phone,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 55, pp. 1165-1172, Apr. 2007.
[3] C. C. Lin, H. C. Tung, H. T. Chen and K. L. Wong, “A folded metal-plate monopole antenna for multiband operation of a PDA phone,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 39, pp. 135-138, Oct. 20, 2003.
[4] K. L. Wong and Y. C. Lin, “Thin internal planar antenna for GSM/DCS/PCS/UMTS operation in a PDA phone,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 47, pp. 429-432, Dec. 5, 2005.
[5] P. L. Teng, C. Y. Chiu and K. L. Wong, “Internal planar monopole antenna for GSM/DCS/PCS folder-type mobile phone,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 39, pp. 106-108, Oct. 20, 2003.
[6] P. L. Teng, S. T. Fang and K. L. Wong, “PIFA with a bent, meandered radiating arm for GSM/DCS operation,” in Proc. 2003 IEEE AP-S Int. Symp., Columbus, Ohio, USA, pp. 107-110, Jun. 2003.
[7] K. L. Wong, Planar Antennas for Wireless Communications, Wiley, New York, 2003.
[8] J. Ollikainen and A. Lehtola, “Internal multi-band antenna with improved radiation efficiency,” U.S. Patent No. 6,552,686 B2, Apr. 22, 2003.
[9] K. L. Wong, L. C. Chou and C. M. Su, “Dual-band flat-plate antenna with a shorted parasitic element for laptop applications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 53, pp. 539-544, Jan. 2005.
[10] Y. X. Guo, M. Y. W. Chia and Z. N. Chen, “Miniature built-in multiband antennas for mobile handsets,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 52, pp. 1936-1944, Aug. 2004.
[11] P. L. Teng, H. T. Chen and K. L. Wong, “Multi-frequency planar monopole antenna for GSM/DCS/PCS/WLAN operation,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 36, pp. 350-352, Mar. 5, 2003.
[12] H. Park, K. Chung and J. Choi, “Design of a planar inverted-F Antenna with very wide impedance bandwidth,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 16, pp. 113-115, Mar. 2006.
[13] J. Ollikainen, O. Kivekas, C. Ichein and P. Vainikainen, “Internal multiband handset antenna realized with an integrated matching circuit,” in Proc. 12th Int. Conf. Antennas Propagat., UK, vol. 2, pp. 629-632, Apr. 2003.
[14] K. R. Boyle, M. Udink, A. de Graauw and L. P. Ligthart, “A novel dual-fed, self-diplexing PIFA and RF front-end (PIN-DF2-PIFA),” in Proc. 2004 IEEE AP-S Int. Symp., Monterey, California, USA, pp. 1935-1938, Jun. 2004.
[15] M. Tzortzakakis and R. J. Langley, “Quad-band internal mobile phone antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 55, pp. 2097-2103, Jul. 2007.
[16] J. Villanen, C. Icheln and P. Vainikainen, “A coupling element-based quad-band antenna element structure for mobile terminals,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 49, pp. 1277-1282, Mar. 2007.
[17] K. R. Boyle and P. G. Steeneken, “A Five-band reconfigurable PIFA for mobile phones,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 55, pp. 3300-3309, Nov. 2007.
[18] Y. L. Kuo and K. L. Wong, “Printed double-T monopole antenna for 2.4/5.2 GHz dual-band WLAN operations,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 51, pp. 2187-2192, Sep. 2003.
[19] K. L. Wong, Y. C. Lin and T. C. Tseng, “Thin internal GSM/DCS patch antenna for a portable mobile terminal,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 54, pp. 238-242, Jan. 2006.
[20] C. H. Wu and K. L. Wong, “Internal shorted planar monopole antenna embedded with a resonant spiral slot for penta-band mobile phone application,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 50, pp. 529-536, Feb. 2008.
[21] C. M. Su, K. L. Wong, C. L. Tang and S. H. Yeh, “EMC internal patch antenna for UMTS operation in a mobile device,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 53, pp. 3836-3839, Nov. 2005.
[22] S. L. Chien, F. R. Hsiao, Y. C. Lin and K. L. Wong, “Planar inverted-F antenna with a hollow shorting cylinder for mobile phone with an embedded camera,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 41, pp. 418-419, Jun. 5, 2004.
[23] M. F. Abedin and M. Ali, “Modifying the ground plane and its effect on planar inverted-F antennas (PIFAs) for mobile phone handsets,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagation Lett., vol. 2, pp. 226-229, 2003.
[24] R. Hossa, A. Byndas and M. E. Bialkowski, “Improvement of compact terminal antenna performance by incorporating open-end slots in ground plane,” IEEE Microwave Wireless Components Lett., vol. 14, pp. 283-285, Jun. 2004.
[25] Ansoft Corporation HFSS, http://www.ansoft.com/products/hf/hfss.
[26] P. Vainikainen, J. Ollikainen, O. Kivekas and I. Kelander, “Resonator-based analysis of the combination of mobile handset antenna and chassis,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 50, pp. 1433-1444, Oct. 2002.