River Thurso位於蘇格蘭北部，接收了歐洲最廣闊的泥炭覆蓋地形所釋出的陸源性溶解有機物，且與出海口的距離較短，所以適合做為研究場址，可以用來了解陸源性溶解有機碳由源入海的過程。於本研究的第一部分分別在早春以及晚春採集樣品，將兩次採集的原始樣品區分為膠體性及真溶解態兩部份，並透過溶解性有機物的螢光特性、吸光度、溶解性有機碳的含量以及膠體性物質的比例等數據變化來了解從流域源頭到海洋之間的混合行為。在River Thurso早、晚春的兩次調查中，溶解性有機碳的濃度範圍分別是79– 3799 及 115 – 5126 μM，其中，兩次調查皆是保守性混合，而於第二次調查因為降雨的原因，造成該次沖淡水的範圍較廣，並藉由螢光光譜及螢光指標指出樣品中也因為降雨而沖刷出類腐植質、新生成的溶解性有機物。結合碳氮比分析、分子量及螢光指標的結果提供了有力的證據，證明溶解性有機物的特性經由泥炭地形、上游、湖泊、一直到河川有著連續性的變化。也可藉此多樣分析的結果發現溶解性有機物的季節性變化，例如在晚春的調查中，可以發現樣品中有大量的低分子量、細菌、以及藻類溶解性有機物的存在。
位處於亞熱帶台灣的南部—高屏溪，其流域屬一般地形，沿河道人為活動頻繁，養殖業興盛。藉由兩個不同緯度的河口數據比較，可以得知流量、雨量對於影響溶解性有機物的組成，有相似處也有不同之處，例如高屏溪地降雨事件並非造成新生成物質存在的原因。而高屏溪樣品螢光光譜中可以觀察到類蛋白質的存在，是由於民生廢水、畜牧業、養殖漁業等的廢水排入。

The River Thurso, North Scotland, receives substantial terrestrial deliveries of dissolved organic matter (DOM) leached from Europe’s most extensive blanket bogs. The relatively short distance between peatlands and coastal ocean offers potential for research to investigate source-to-sea processing of terrigenous dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Here we determined DOC concentrations in the bulk (< 0.4 μm), truly dissolved (< 5 kDa) and colloidal fraction (5 kDa - 0.4 μm) as well as DOM absorbance and fluorescence spectra during two river catchment surveys and two corresponding coastal plume surveys, in early spring (1st sampling period) and late spring (2nd sampling period). DOC concentrations ranged from 793799 μM in early spring and 1155126 μM in late spring. DOM exhibited conservative mixing across the plume in both surveys but the plume extended further offshore in the second survey due to a pulse of freshwater caused by recent rainfall. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) and fluorescence indices revealed that the flushed DOM was humic-like, recently synthesized DOM. Coupled with C/N ratio analyses and molecular weight fractionation, the fluorescence indices also provided evidence for the gradual altering of DOM characteristics along the bogheadstreamlochriver continuum. The same analytical tools revealed that concurrent seasonal variations occurred within the DOM pool of marine origin, i.e. greater abundance of low-molecular weight, bacterial or algal DOM in the late spring survey.
Gaoping River located in the sub-tropical southern Taiwan, its basin is the general terrain with husbandry, fish farming area. Comparing two different latitudes rivers, the influences of discharge and rainfall on the DOM composition were not so similar, i.e. the existed recently synthesized DOM did not flushed by rainfall in Gaoping River. The Gaoping sample fluorescence spectrum can be observed the presence of proteins-like, presumably because domestic, animal husbandry, fish farming wastewater, discharged into the river.

摘要 i
Abstract iii
Contents v
Figure Captions vi
Table Captions ix
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
Chapter 2. A study of peatland derived dissolved organic matter from headstream to sea using multiple analytical tools 3
2.1 Background 3
2.2 Methodology 6
2.2.1 Study sites and sampling 6
2.2.2 Isolation of the colloidal fraction 8
2.2.3 Dissolved organic carbon measurement 9
2.2.4 UV-Vis 9
2.2.5 Fluorescence spectra 10
2.2.6 Fluorescence indices 10
2.3 Result and discussion 12
2.3.1 Dissolved organic carbon 12
2.3.2 C/N ratio 17
2.3.3 CDOM absorbance 21
2.3.4 DOM molecular size 23
2.3.5 Fluorescence spectrum analysis 26
2.4 Summary 34
Chapter 3. Dissolved organic matter in Gaoping River from headstream to sea using multiple analytical tools 35
3.1 Background 35
3.2 Methodology 39
3.2.1 Study sites and sampling 39
3.2.2 Isolation of the colloidal fraction 41
3.2.3 Dissolved organic carbon measurement 42
3.2.4 UV-Vis 43
3.2.5 Fluorescence spectra 43
3.2.6 Fluorescence indices 44
3.2 Result and discussion 45
3.2.1 Dissolved organic carbon 45
3.2.2 CDOM absorbance 48
3.2.3 DOM molecular size 50
3.2.4 Fluorescence spectrum analysis 53
3.3 Summary 60
Chapter 4. Conclusions 61
References 63
CURRICULUM VITAE 73
Appendix 76

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