隨著現代人環保意識提高，人們更加注意到節能的重要性與迫切性，根據國際能源總署(International Energy Agency, IEA)指出，近年全球照明設備的電量消耗幾乎已佔全球電量產值的20%，因此如何從照明方面節能已成為大眾所關心的議題。傳統的白熾燈因使用壽命短、發光效率低，日光燈則因為含汞，有造成環境汙染的問題，兩者皆不符合環保提倡之訴求。近年來發光二極體(Light Emitting Diode, LED)技術日趨成熟，逐漸取代傳統白熾燈和日光燈。LED具有壽命長、體積小、發光效率高之優點，但由於LED的亮度取決於順向導通電流，因此供應一個恆定電流為LED驅動電路首要的課題。
本研究以DC-DC升壓轉換器為架構，設計一驅動IC來控制輸出負載電壓，進而使LED電流穩定。本驅動IC具手動與自動控制功能，在自動控制模式時，可以穩定驅動LED在20mA，而在手動控制模式時，則可以依據手動輸入之電壓訊號而控制LED的工作電流。IC電路中包含了抗溫度飄移偏壓電路，其輸出之參考偏壓在0~75℃時之溫度係數小於118ppm/℃，藉此偏壓可以在驅動LED時較不受IC環境溫度變化而造成LED工作電流改變。在整體架構剛啟動時，藉由自動控制電路可使系統較快到達穩態，在驅動最大負載時啟動時間為4ms。
本研究之LED驅動IC，電源電壓為3.3V，消耗功率為6.03mW。升壓架構輸入電壓為3V，在實際應用上可使用市面上兩顆3號電池串聯當作輸入電壓，而最高輸出電壓為11.754V，能量轉換效率為91%，而驅動LED之最大電流為20mA，並供應單串LED負載，電路使用CIC所提供之TSMC 0.35um Mixed Signal 2P4M Polycide CMOS 製程實現，晶片面積為1.268×1.268 mm^2。

Along with the rising awareness of environmental protection, people more notice about the importance of energy saving. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA) noted, the electricity consumption of global lighting equipment accounts for almost 20% of global electricity output. Hence, how to save energy from lighting equipment has become a big issue to the public. Traditional lighting is low life, low luminous efficiency and environmental unfriendly, and it doesn’t meet the needs of energy saving policy. In recent years, the technique of Light Emitting Diode (LED) matures, and the advantage of LED contains long life, small volume, and high luminous efficiency, gradually replacing traditional lighting. Because the luminance of LED depends on the forward current, it’s important to supply a stable current to LED.
The research, based on the DC-DC boost convertor, designs an IC driver to control the output voltage and makes the current of LED stable. The IC driver consists of auto and manual control. In the mode of auto control, LED is operated at 20mA. In the mode of manual control, LED is operated according to the input control voltage. The functions of the IC include low temperature drift circuit which outputs a reference voltage which temperature coefficient is less than 118ppm/℃ between 0~75 ℃. By the auto control circuit, the overall structure can be started up to steady state faster. The system only takes 4ms on driving the highest load.
The supply voltage of the LED IC driver is 3.3V, and the power consumption is 6.03mW. The input voltage of boost structure is 3V, which can be generated by two AA batteries, and the output voltage is up to 11.754V. The overall efficiency is 91%. The specification of the LED loads is operated at 20mA and only drives one series. The proposed design is realized using TSMC 0.35 μm CMOS technology.

論文審定書 i
論文公開授權書 ii
誌謝 iii
摘要 iv
Abstract v
目錄 vi
圖次 ix
表次 xii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 2
第二章 研究理論與文獻探討 3
2.1 LED元件特性 3
2.1.1 LED的結構特性 3
2.1.2 LED的發光原理 3
2.1.3 LED電學特性 5
2.1.4 LED常用半導體材料及種類 7
2.2 LED驅動器的元件考量 8
2.3 LED驅動器理論 8
2.3.1 LED 線性驅動器 8
2.3.2 LED DC-DC轉換器 8
2.3.3 LED DC-DC電感升壓型轉換器 9
2.3.4 LED控制器的功能 11
2.4 LED控制器架構理論 12
2.4.1 PWM控制系統 12
2.4.2 控制器文獻探討 13
第三章 電路設計架構 28
3.1設計架構簡介 28
3.1.1 整體架構系統 28
3.2.2 整體電路簡介 30
3.3.3基礎電路介紹 31
3.2 回授系統電路 (Feedback Loop) 33
3.3 波形產生電路 (Wave Generator) 36
3.4 自動控制電路 (Auto Control) 39
3.5 手動控制電路 (Manual Control) 41
3.6 手動控制保護電路 (Manual Control Protection) 42
3.7 閘極驅動電路(Gate Driver) 42
3.8 設計流程 44
第四章 模擬結果與討論 45
4.1 回授系統電路 (Feedback Loop) 45
4.1.1抗溫度飄移偏壓電路(Vref_1) 45
4.2 波形產生電路 (Wave Generator) 46
4.2.1振盪器 (Oscillator) 46
4.2.2三角波產生電路 (Triangular Wave Generator) 48
4.3 自動控制電路 (Auto Control) 49
4.4 手動控制電路 (Manual Control) 52
4.5 手動控制保護電路 (Manual Control Protection) 52
4.6 整體架構輸出波形 54
4.7 佈局平面圖 62
4.8 預計規格與效能比較表 63
第五章 結果討論與未來展望 65
5.1結果討論 65
5.2未來展望 66
參考文獻 67
Published 72

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