摘要
為了解台灣東北海域沉降顆粒的主要來源(source)、傳輸途徑、最終去處(sink)，本研究利用PPS-3/3型錨定式時間序列沉積物收集器，將宜蘭海脊北坡(T18）與南沖繩海槽（T15及T16）所收集到的沉降顆粒，測量表觀顆粒通量(T18)、粒徑分布、金屬元素（鋁、鎂、鈣、鐵、錳、銅）、陸源物質、有機碳、無機碳、蛋白石等成分的含量。分析研究結果顯示，台灣東北海域的顆粒通量冬季高於夏季，但若在夏季有高的通量時，主要是由颱風或豪雨所造成。在宜蘭海脊北坡的T11與T17，收集器只能收到開始之第一及第二杯顆粒樣品，而後急遽下降，至第三杯以後即收不到顆粒物。是否與黑潮有關，目前仍不清楚，尚待研究。宜蘭海脊北坡與沖繩海槽的沉降顆粒，主要是黏土與粉砂，與棉花峽谷為砂及粉砂的組成差異甚大。離岸愈遠，粗粉砂以上粒徑(>31 mm)的含量愈少，到宜蘭海脊北坡的站位T18時，已與南沖繩海槽的粒徑分布十分相近了，但T18的顆粒通量仍較沖繩海槽高一個數量級。T15與T16在600公尺以下的粒徑分布極為近似，但粗粉砂以上的粒徑(>31 mm)的含量上層較下層多，可能是側向傳輸所造成的。在南沖繩海槽的錳含量是宜蘭海脊北坡的兩倍，前者的Mn/Al比值異常高，顯示錳有海底熱液活動的供應。T18、T16及T15顆粒的陸源性物質含量約84~88.5%，相對於其他邊緣海而言，生物性顆粒的貢獻明顯減少。

Abstract
In order to understand the source, transport pathway and sink of settling particulates off northeast Taiwan, time-series sediment traps (PPS-3/3) were deployed on the north slope of Ilan ridge (T18) and in the Okinawa trough (T15 and T16) to collect settling particulates. The trapped particulate samples were determined for apparent mass flux (T18), particle size distribution, and contents of lithogenic portion, metals (Al, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu), opal, OC (organic carbon) and IC (inorganic carbon). The results show that mass flux in winter is higher than in summer except for typhoon or rainstorm in summer which may cause high particulate flux. At mooring T11 and T17, only 2 cups had collected particulates but with rapid decrease, and the remaining cups were empty. It is not clear whether Kuroshio plays a role and further investigation is needed. The trapped particulates were mainly clay and silt in the north slope of Ilan ridge and south Okinawa trough, and were sand and silt in the Mien-Hwa canyon. The portion of coarse silt and larger particles (>31 mm) decreases with an increase of distance from the land (from T11 to T18). The grain size distribution of particulate at T18 is similar to that at T15 and T16, but the mass flux in the north slope of Ilan ridge is an order of magnitude higher than in the south Okinawa trough. The size distribution pattern below 600m water depth is very similar at both T15 and T16, but the coarse fraction (> 31 mm) is more at the upper than lower traps, presumably due to lateral transport. The Mn content of the trapped particulates in the south Okinawa trough is twice as hign as that in the north slope of Ilan ridge. High Mn/Al ratio in the trough suggests that Mn is supplied by hydrothermal activities. Lithogenic portions occupy about 84~88.5% at T18, T16 and T15. Relative to other marginal seas biogenic contributions are clearly lower.

總目錄
誌謝…………………………………………………………………………………I
中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………II
英文摘要……………………………………………………………………………III
總目錄………………………………………………………………………………IV
表目錄………………………………………………………………………………IV
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………………VI

第一章 緒論
1.1 前言……………………………………………………………………………1
1.2 研究區域簡介…………………………………………………………………2
1.3 研究目的………………………………………………………………………3

第二章 研究材料與方法
2.1 樣品分樣………………………………………………………………………10
2.2 通量測定………………………………………………………………………10
2.3 顆粒度測定……………………………………………………………………11
2.4 蛋白石測定……………………………………………………………………12
2.5 總碳及總氮測定………………………………………………………………15
2.6 有機碳及無機碳的測定………………………………………………………16
2.7 金屬元素的測定………………………………………………………………16

第三章 結果與討論
3.1 顆粒通量………………………………………………………………………17
3.2 粒徑分布………………………………………………………………………19
3.3 金屬元素分布…………………………………………………………………42
3.4 岩源性與生物性顆粒組成……………………………………………………49

第四章 討論
4.1 台灣東北海域沉降顆粒通量探討……………………………………………58
4.2 宜蘭海脊北坡與南沖繩海槽之粒徑分布……………………………………61
4.3 金屬元素分布…………………………………………………………………64
4.4 台灣東北海域岩源性與生物性顆粒物質含量………………………………72

第五章 結論…………………………………………………………………………76


參考文獻
中文部分…………………………………………………………………………78
英文部分…………………………………………………………………………79

附錄
I. 時序沉積物收集器樣品之粒徑分析結果（各粒徑之含量百分比）……82
II. 沉降顆粒及表層岩心已分析之金屬含量…………………………………88
III. 岩源性及生物性顆粒組成…………………………………………………90

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