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博碩士論文 etd-0614106-165721 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0614106-165721
論文名稱
Title
輸送管網及高級處理技術影響高雄市自來水水質之探討
Influences of distribution system and advanced treatment technology on drinking water quality
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
125
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2006-05-11
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2006-06-14
關鍵字
Keywords
適飲性、自來水輸送系統、滿意度調查、自由有效餘氯等濃度線圖、總三鹵甲烷等濃度線圖
TTHM contour map, consumer satisfaction, drinking water distribution system, free available chlorine contour map
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5687 次,被下載 5237
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5687 times, has been downloaded 5237 times.
中文摘要
本研究之主要目的有二:(一)藉由大規模取樣檢驗,探討高雄市自來水在輸送過程中水質惡化之原因,並嘗試發展簡易有效的自來水輸送管網狀況評估技術;(二)藉由大規模適飲滿意度調查,評估一般民眾對高級處理自來水的滿意度。結果發現高雄市自來水水質惡化的主要原因並非自來水在輸送管線中遭污染,而是因為民眾的貯水設施未定期清洗,導致自來水在貯存時受到細菌污染。另外也發現雖然民眾對高級處理自來水的試飲滿意度很高,但是仍有約四成的民眾另外購買飲用水,而不飲用自來水。所以,自來水公司應積極向民眾宣導定期清洗自家水塔的重要性,並讓民眾瞭解近幾年自來水水質已大幅改善,提升民眾對飲用自來水的信心。而大部分高級處理後自來水的LSI值均呈現負值,表示水中CaCO3未飽和,水質具有腐蝕的傾向,因此,若一味追求降低自來水之硬度,將導致水質產生腐蝕性,而使輸送管線中的有害物質溶出至自來水中,反而對飲用的民眾是一種傷害。同時,本研究發展出一套有效、省錢、快速的方法,在缺乏詳細管線材質、管線中水流狀況、生物膜厚度…等資料的情形下,透過各種水質指標的等濃度線圖,提供管理者一個明確的資訊,讓管理者知道某些特定點可能有潛在的問題,針對這些點進一步分析就可以有效地解決輸送管網中水質惡化的問題,也讓管理者在決定再加氯站的設置需要及設置地點時也有非常充分的決策依據。
Abstract
The purposes of this study include: (1) investigating the reasons why drinking water quality degrades during transportation in the distribution system and developing an easy and effective tool to evaluate the status of distribution system; (2) investigating residents’ satisfaction with advanced treated drinking water. It is found that the main reason of drinking water degradation is that most people don’t flush the drinking water storage facilities routinely. It is also found that although most respondents are satisfied with advanced treated drinking water, nearly 40% of local residents still buy bottle water instead of drinking tap water. Therefore, Taiwan Water Supply Corp. (TWSC) should let people know the importance of flushing water storage facilities routinely and what TWSC has done to improve drinking water quality. The LSI (Langelier Saturation Index) of most water samples is negative, which means that the drinking water is corrosive when too much hardness is removed to comply with the regulations. A simple, efficient and cost-effective method is developed to provide TWSC sufficient information to solve the problems regarding water quality degradations in distribution systems. By using contour maps of different water quality parameters, TWSC can easily identifies locations with potential problems and easily assesses the necessity and appropriate locations of building re-chlorination stations, even though the lack of information regarding pipeline material, hydraulic conditions, thickness of biofilm…etc.
目次 Table of Contents
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………1-1
第二章 文獻回顧
2.1 澄清湖淨水場概述…………………………………..2-1
2.2 拷潭淨水場概述……………………………………..2-4
2.3 大高雄地區自來水輸送管網現況…………………..2-8
2.4 自來水配水管網之管理……………………………..2-9
2.5 配水管網水質模擬模式……………………………..2-11
2.6 先進國家之總硬度及總溶解固體量濃度標準……..2-12
2.7 飲用水硬度與人體健康之關係……………………..2-14
2.8 硬度與管線腐蝕問題………………………………..2-17
2.9 自來水適飲性探討…………………………………..2-19
第三章 研究方法
3.1 採樣地點及時間……………………………………..3-1
3.2 採樣點定位及等濃度圖繪製………………………..3-4
3.3 採樣容器準備作業…………………………………..3-4
3.4 現場採樣程序規劃…………………………………..3-5
3.5 水樣分析項目………………………………………..3-9
3.6 臭度(FPA)之分析方法…………………………..3-11
3.7 總三鹵甲烷之分析方法……………………………..3-13
3.8 鹵化乙酸類之分析方法……………………………..3-18
3.9 滿意度調查時間及地點……………………………..3-24
3.10 自來水試飲水樣…………………………………..3-25
3.11 試飲及滿意度調查流程…………………………..3-26
3.12 有效受訪樣本數…………………………………..3-27
3.13 問卷內容設計……………………………………..3-28
3.14 問卷統計及分析方法……………………………..3-29
第四章 自來水輸水管網對水質之影響
4.1 地點、季節、時間對自來水水質之影響………….4-1
4.2 管線腐蝕問題探討………………………………….4-9
4.3 自來水輸水管網狀況評估技術…………………….4-11
第五章 滿意度調查結果分析
5.1 受訪者基本資料分析……………………………….5-1
5.2 受訪者飲用自來水習慣分析……………………….5-3
5.3 第一階段試飲滿意度調查結果分析……………….5-5
5.4 第二階段試飲滿意度調查結果分析……………….5-14
5.5 飲用水澀味問題探討……………………………….5-18
5.6 總硬度、總溶解固體量對適飲性之影響分析…….5-19
第六章 結論與建議
6.1 結論…………………………………………………..6-1
6.2 建議…………………………………………….…….6-4



表目錄
表2-1 澄清湖高級淨水場現況摘要…………………………..2-6
表2-2 拷潭高級淨水場現況摘要……………………………..2-7
表2-3 世界主要國家總硬度及總溶解固體量濃度一覽表…..2-14
表3-1 本研究使用之水質分析方法彙整……………………..3-10
表4-1 水樣檢驗結果彙整……………………………………..4-2
表4-2 大腸桿菌及總菌落數超過法規標準之水樣彙整……..4-3
表4-3 LSI值計算結果………………………………………….4-10
表4-4 91年2月25日水樣檢驗結果彙整…………….……..4-12
表5-1 你對自來水水質滿意嗎?………………………………5-4
表5-2 請問您喝完試飲水樣後的感覺如何?…………………5-5
表5-3 覺得試飲水樣好喝的原因……………………………..5-6
表5-4 覺得試飲水樣不好喝的原因…………………………..5-6
表5-5 你是否可以分辨出試飲水樣之口感差異……………..5-9
表5-6 第一階段調查滿意度與受訪者性別交叉分析………..5-11
表5-7 第一階段調查滿意度與受訪者年齡交叉分析………..5-12
表5-8 第一階段調查滿意度與受訪者生理狀況交叉分析…..5-13
表5-9 第二階段調查水樣得分情形…………………………..5-16
表5-10 第二階段調查滿意度與受訪者生理狀況交叉分析…5-17
表5-11 試飲水樣水質檢驗結果………………………………5-20


圖目錄
圖2-1 澄清湖淨水場傳統處理程序…………………………2-2
圖2-2 澄清湖淨水場高級處理流程圖………………………2-3
圖2-3 拷潭淨水場高級處理流程圖…………………………2-5
圖2-4 臭味輪…………………………………………………2-20
圖3-1 採樣點分佈……………………………………………3-2
圖3-2 採樣點示意圖…………………………………………3-3
圖3-3 現場採樣作業程序……………………………………3-6
圖3-4 FPA訓練氣味再現性…………………………………3-12
圖3-5 澄清湖淨水模型廠處理程序A………………………3-25
圖3-6 澄清湖淨水模型廠處理程序B………………………3-26
圖3-7 問卷調查表……………………………………………3-30
圖4-1 早上自由有效餘氯變化與地點及季節的關係………4-6
圖4-2 下午自由有效餘氯變化與地點及季節的關係………4-7
圖4-3 貯水設備前後自由有效餘氯值比較…………………4-8
圖4-4 自由有效餘氯檢測結果………………………………4-13
圖4-5 總菌落數檢測結果……………………………………4-14
圖4-6 總三鹵甲烷檢測結果…………………………………4-14
圖4-7 總菌落數與自由有效餘氯濃度變化關係……………4-15
圖4-8 總三鹵甲烷與自由有效餘氯濃度變化關係…………4-16
圖4-9 自由有效餘氯等濃度線圖……………………………4-19
圖4-10 總三鹵甲烷等濃度線圖……………………………..4-20
圖4-11 等濃度線圖對照比較………………………………...4-21
圖5-1 受訪者基本資料統計………………………………….5-2
圖5-2 第一階段試飲之滿意度高低情形…………………….5-10
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