電池管理系統是電動車之關鍵技術，其中包括電池模組技術開發、電池參數
量測電路等相關文獻與研究，本論文提出針對電池電壓量測電路所需之具軌對軌
輸出輸入範圍之高壓運算放大器與類比高壓多工器。
前述技術所需之放大器，在本論文中提出一具軌對軌輸入輸出範圍之高壓運
算放大器，可應用於電池管理系統之訊號轉換電路設計，如減法器、類比-數位
轉換器。本論文所提出為三級放大器，其中包括P 型與N 型輸入級、電壓限制級
以及輸出級，可達到高輸入輸出範圍。實測結果顯示輸入範圍可達30 V，輸出範
圍為0 ∼ 29.57 V，直流增益(Gain) 可達到41 dB，且不須設計一輸入範圍極高的
ADC，即可應用於電池管理中做精確的SOC 估算。
另一關鍵技術為高壓多工器，本論文提出一8:1 類比高壓多工器，可應用於
電池管理系統偵測電壓電路設計。本論文所偵測之鋰電池模組由八個串接的鋰電
池單元組成，且鋰電池單元電壓範圍為2.5 V 至4.5 V，故其最高電壓為36 V。為
了解決輸入的高電壓範圍，本設計實現一8:1 類比高壓多工器，其輸入電壓範圍
可達0 ∼ 36 V，系統電壓為5 V，且輸出電壓範圍為1.5 ∼ 3.5 V，符合後端SAR
ADC 的輸入電壓範圍。

One of the key techniques of electric vehicles (EVs) is battery management systems,
which demand the development of battery modules, the measurement circuits of batteries,
and so on. This thesis investigates a high-voltage operational amplifier with rail-to-rail
input and output ranges, and an 8:1 analog high-voltage multiplexer for the battery voltage
measurement.
This thesis proposes a high-voltage operational amplifier with rail-to-rail input and
output ranges to meet the required amplifier for the aforementioned technology. It also
carries out the signal transfer circuit design for battery management systems, such as subtractor,
analog to digital converter. Since the input range of the design could be up to 30
V, and the output range is 0 ∼ 29.57 V, ADC with a high input range is no longer needed
hereby. Although the dc gain is 41 dB, the gain error can be corrected by using low-bit
ADCs. Finally, this design is expected for battery management systems to attain accurate
SOC estimation .
Another key circuit is the high-voltage multiplexer. This thesis proposes a 8:1 highvoltage
analog multiplexer which can be used to measure the voltage of a single cell in
a battery string. If the battery modules consists of eight batteries connected in series and
the voltage of a battery cell is 2.5 V to 4.5 V, the input voltage range is 0 ∼ 36 V. To
resolve the high input voltage problem, this thesis demonstrates a 8:1 high-voltage analog
multiplexer, where the output voltage range is in line with SAR ADC input voltage range
of 1.5 ∼ 3.5 V.

論文口試委員審定書. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I
論文摘要. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III
目錄. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV
圖目錄. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII
表目錄. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X
1 概論. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 前言. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 相關文獻與研究探討. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2.1 具軌對軌輸入輸出範圍之高壓運算放大器. . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2.2 類比高壓多工器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3 研究動機. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.4 論文大綱. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2 具軌對軌輸入輸出範圍之高壓運算放大器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.1 簡介. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.2 具軌對軌輸入輸出範圍之高壓運算放大器整體架構. . . . . . . . . . 15
2.3 具軌對軌輸入輸出範圍之高壓運算放大器電路設計. . . . . . . . . . 16
2.3.1 P 型輸入級. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.3.2 N 型輸入級. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.3.3 高電壓範圍限制器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3.4 低電壓範圍限制器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.3.5 輸出級. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.4 電路模擬與預計規格. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.4.1 電壓限制級模擬與分析. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.4.2 整體電路模擬與分析. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.4.3 預計規格與效能比較. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.5 晶片佈局. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.6 晶片實作與量測結果. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.6.1 晶片量測結果與分析. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.6.2 預計規格與實測結果. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.7 結果與討論. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3 8:1 類比高壓多工器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.1 簡介. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.2 8:1 類比高壓多工器架構. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.3 8:1 類比高壓多工器電路設計. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.3.1 解碼器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.3.2 高壓隔離開關. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.3.3 高壓開關. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.3.4 具開關控制之運算放大器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.3.5 低壓多工器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.3.6 電壓乘法器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.4 電路模擬與預計規格. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.4.1 高壓開關與高隔離度高壓開關模擬與分析. . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.4.2 全電路模擬與分析. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.4.3 預計規格與效能比較. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.5 晶片佈局. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.6 晶片實作與量測結果. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.6.1 晶片量測結果與分析. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.6.2 預計規格與實測結果. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
3.7 結果與討論. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4 結論與未來工作. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
參考文獻. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

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