脈衝雷射光源的產生促進了非線性光學的密集研究，而在近幾年對於現代光通訊的發展，不僅是傳輸速度需要提高，在元件上也致力於開發出更小的尺寸，為了研究低輸入功率和傳輸速度高的元件，我們致力於開發次微米光波導以及其非線性光波導應用。
在非線性光學材料的選擇上，一般來說需要高的非線性光學特性，而且在傳遞過程中無過多的吸收損耗或是雙光子吸收(Two photon absorption ,TPA)、自由載子吸收(Free carrier absorption ,FCA)的影響，因此我們選擇五氧化二鉭(Tantalum pentoxide ,Ta2O5)作為我們製作次微米光波導的非線性材料，而Ta2O5材料比SiC、SiN、SiO2有更高的非線性折射率，並且在可見光到紅外光波段也無吸收損耗，更重要的是寬能隙材料Ta2O5中無TPA的影響，所以我們使用Ta2O5光波導元件來進行非線性光波導的研究及應用。
第一部分實驗工作我們架設了自相位調變(Self-Phase Modulation ,SPM)量測系統並且注入一飛秒脈衝進入Ta2O5光波導，藉由極強的脈衝尖峰功率，導致明顯的非線性折射率變化，進而影響相位，最後使脈衝光譜拓寬，利用此原理量測材料的非線性折射率n2在800nm約為1.28×10-14 cm2/W 。當尖峰耦合功率從0增加至44W，光譜會從9nm拓寬至約43nm。此外，我們也利用SPM系統量測出輸入和輸出呈現線性關係證實了Ta2O5光波導內無TPA影響。
第二部分實驗工作我們透過Ta2O5環形共振腔達到全光調變的目的，將脈衝光源打入環形共振腔內，因為克爾效應(Kerr effect)造成環形共振腔內折射率的改變而導致整體環形共振腔的穿透頻譜改變，讓脈衝光可以直接調製環形共振腔內特定波長的穿透率，產生一個光的調變，因此，我們可以透過Ta2O5環形共振腔達到全光調變的結果。
在我的研究中成功利用Ta2O5光波導達成在800nm下SPM光譜拓寬的成果，在n2估算結果也比SiN相比大了三倍；另外，我也利用Ta2O5環形共振腔實現了在紅外光區的超快全光開關，證明了Ta2O5在非線性光波導應用的潛力以及其優勢。

Nonlinear waveguide applications have been widely investigated in recent years. The nonlinear optical materials with high Kerr nonlinearity can be utilized to demonstrate supercontinuum generation as well as all-optical Kerr switch. In our work, we utilize Ta2O5 as the core layer of the waveguide to realize nonlinear waveguide applications. Due to the ultralow linear and nonlinear absorption loss of Ta2O5 from UV to infrared regions, the Ta2O5 is suitable for developing broadband and efficient nonlinear waveguides. The first part of my work is to demonstrate the SPM in the submicron Ta2O5 channel waveguide. By injecting fs pulse laser into Ta2O5 channel waveguide, the linewidth of Ti:sapphire laser is increased from 9 nm to 43 nm when the peak power is increased from 0 to 44W. The nonlinear refractive index of Ta2O5 at ~800nm is estimated to be 1.28×10-14 cm2/W. Furthermore, even the peak intensity is increased up to 29.38 GW/cm2, there is no nonlinear absorption effect in the Ta2O5 waveguide. In the second part of my work, we have realized the ultrafast all-optical modulation at communication region by using the Ta2O5 micro-ring resonator. By injecting a pulse laser into the ring resonator at resonance, the transmission spectrum of Ta2O5 micro-ring resonator can be modified due to the Kerr effect. That is, we can control the transmittance of the ring resonator around the resonance dip. Based on a pump-probe system, the CW-probe can be modulated by the pump pulse laser. The 0.045 nm wavelength shift of transmission spectrum in Ta2O5 ring cavity can be achieved by injecting the pulse laser with peak intensity of 0.12 GW/cm2. The nonlinear refractive index of Ta2O5 is calculated to be 3.4×〖10〗^(-14)cm2/W at ~1550nm, which is at least three times larger than Si3N4. Our results show that the Ta2O5 indeed has great potentials in developing the nonlinear waveguide applications.

中文審定書 i
英文審定書 ii
致謝 iii
摘要 iv
Abstract v
目錄 vi
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xi
第一章 緒論 1
1-1材料介紹 1
1-2論文動機 7
1-3論文架構 12
第二章 脈衝雷射在材料中產生克爾效應之光譜拓寬在非線性光波導中的量測和研究 13
2-1自相位調變(Self-Phase Modulation , SPM)原理 13
2-2 SPM系統端面耦光效率之計算 16
2-2-1 光波導元件介紹和量測方法 16
2-2-2 雙光子吸收對於SPM拓寬的影響 17
2-2-3 端面損耗估算 18
2-2-4 尖峰耦合功率在光波導中的實際耦合計算 20
2-3 SPM光譜拓寬分析 28
2-3-1系統架設介紹 28
2-3-2 光譜拓寬和文獻比較結果 28
2-3-3 非線性折射率n2的結果計算 30
2-4 TE、TM波對SPM光譜拓寬的定量分析 31
2-4-1 系統量測方法 31
2-4-2 光譜拓寬分析結果 32
2-4-3 TE、TM在光波導中的光場模擬結果 34
2-5 總結 36
第三章 Ta2O5光波導中超快全光開關的量測和研究 37
3-1 全光調變的原理介紹 37
3-1-1全光調變的原理 37
3-1-2全光調變的系統架設和元件介紹 38
3-2 全光調變的調變訊號結果分析 41
3-2-1全光調變的調變訊號結果 41
3-2-2非線性折射率值n2的計算 45
3-3 Ta2O5微環共振腔中不同長直波導和環形共振腔間距的全光調變結果 49
3-3-1 Ta2O5微環共振腔中不同長直波導和環形共振腔間距的穿透譜情形 49
3-3-2 Ta2O5微環共振腔中不同長直波導和環形共振腔間距的品質因子(Q)、 傳輸係數和衰減係數的討論 56
3-3-3 Ta2O5微環共振腔中不同長直波導和環形共振腔間距的調變訊號結果比較 58
3-4總結 62
第四章 結論與未來工作 63
參考文獻 65

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