本研究是上流式厭氧生物反應槽( Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Bioreactor , UASB ) 處理實廠廢水，處理後出水再經由好氧薄膜生物反應槽(Membrane bioreactor , MBR)處理，旨在探討上流式厭氧生物反應槽、MBR之出流水氫氧化四甲基氨(Tetramethyl Ammonium Hydroxide , TMAH)之處理效率及操作條件。
所有實驗是在改變操作因子pH、入流溫度和水力停留時間(Hydraulic Retention Time ,HRT )，以找尋處理系統在不同操作因子之最佳處理效率。於處理系統出流水之結果，在不同pH下實廠TMAH廢水經UASB與MBR出流水水質比較，pH = 8時，處理效率最佳，及水中含氮產物含量相對較低，原因為高pH及低pH都易使產物含量上升；當入流溫度為25 ℃時，UASB+MBR系統出水TMAH處理效率最佳，原因為入流溫度提高時，TMAH處理效率下降，水中含氮產物含量上升；當HRT=8時，UASB+MBR系統出水TMAH處理效率最佳，原因為HRT>8時轉換較多含氮副產物，故HRT<8時TMAH處理效率降低。

This research focused on the treatment efficiency of raw wastewater by Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Bioreactor (UASB). The effluent from UASB was then treated by an aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR). In this study, the operating conditions of UASB and MBR was tested and developed
The operating factors in all tests were including pH, influent temperature and hydraulic retention time (HRT). In pH=8 , UASB and MBR system had optimal efficiencies on removal of TMAH. Less concentration of nitrogen products in effluent of UASB and MBR.Because lots of concentration of nitrogen products were formed at high pH or low pH . At temperature of 25 ℃ , the performance of UASB and MBR system was found the optimal. The concentration of TMAH decreased with increasing temperature.The concentration of nitrogen increased with increasing temperature. In HRT=8 , the performance on TMAH treated by UASB and MBR system with good efficiency was obtained. Nitrogen content increased with increased HRT and decrease of treatment efficiency of TMAH by this treatment systems when HRT < 8

中文摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目 錄 iv
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xii
第一章 前 言 1
1-1 研究緣起 1
1-2 研究目的 2
1-3 研究內容 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2-1光電與半導體產業廢水特性 3
2-1-1 光電相關產業 3
2-1-2 半導體產製程 10
2-2 TMAH 廢水特性 15
2-2-1 廢水特性 15
2-2-2 TMAH廢水相關之處理方法 17
2-3 上流式厭氧污泥生物反應槽( UASB )原理 19
2-3-1 降解機制、原理 19
2-4 生物薄膜反應器( MBR )架構原理 22
2-4-2 MBR處理廢水之應用 24
2-5 氮危害及除氮機制 27
2-5-1 氮危害 27
2-5-2 硝化作用( Nitrification ) 29
2-5-3 脫硝作用( Denification ) 30
2-5-4 去除氨氮廢水之方法 32
2-6 厭氧菌 33
2-6-1 厭氧菌於土壤之研究 33
2-6-2 厭氧菌於水體之研究 34
第三章 研究方法 36
3-1 研究架構與流程 36
3-1-1 實驗規劃 36
3-1-2 實驗流程 38
3-2 分析方法與水質實驗項目 41
3-2-1 溫度與pH值 43
3-2-2 容氧量 (Dissolved oxygen, DO ) 43
3-2-3 生化需氧量( Biochemical oxygen demand, BOD5 ) 43
3-2-4 化學需氧量( Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD ) 43
3-2-5 總氮 44
3-2-6 氨氮( NH3-N ) 44
3-2-7 凱氏氮 44
3-2-8 硝酸鹽氮( NO3－-N ) 45
3-2-9 亞硝酸鹽氮( NO2－-N ) 46
3-2-10 四甲基氫氧化銨 ( TMAH ) 46
3-2-11 MLSS與MLVSS 46
3-3 實驗設備與相關藥品 48
3-3-1 實驗設備 48
3-3-2 實驗常用藥品 51
第四章 結果與討論 52
4-1 實廠廢水經由UASB與MBR出流水水質隨pH之變化 52
4-1-1 TMAH及總氮在不同pH值條件下之比較 52
4-1-2 各單元出流水水質隨pH的變化及比較 56
4-2 實廠廢水經由UASB與MBR出流水水質隨溫度之變化 61
4-2-1 TMAH及總氮在不同溫度條件下之比較 61
4-2-2 各單元出流水水質隨溫度的變化及比較 67
4-3實廠廢水經由UASB與MBR出流水水質隨HRT之變化 72
4-3-1 TMAH及總氮在不同HRT下的比較 72
4-3-2 各單元出流水隨HRT的變化及比較 78
第五章 結論 83
5-1 結論 83
5-2 建議 83
參考資料 84
附錄 91
4-4-1 TMAH及總氮在其他pH條件及HRT=24條件下的比較 91
4-4-2 UASB單元出流水水質隨pH及HRT的變化及比較 96

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