本研究主要探討溫度對海生搖蚊（Pontomyia oceana）日內羽化時間及月內羽化天數的影響。在日內羽化時間方面，利用羽化當天不同的時段改變溫度，推測搖蚊何時開始進行關鍵的代謝機制。實驗結果顯示在日出時，搖蚊就已經開始一些羽化前的準備。另一方面溫度日週期對於搖蚊的日內羽化時間沒有集中的效果。在月內羽化天數方面，全期一致的高、中、低溫會影響月內的羽化天數，高溫會有提前而低溫會有延後的現象。在連續60天的觀察中，發現同一天的受精卵，在實驗室中有兩個羽化高峰，間隔呈現似半月週期的現象，兩峰的間隔會受全期平均溫度的影響，高溫兩峰的間隔短，低溫則較長。高溫在前峰的羽化比例較高，低溫則有相反的現象。搖蚊在哪一個高峰羽化，不受親代在哪一個高峰羽化所影響。相隔兩天取樣的卵塊，在實驗室中並沒有在月內同步羽化的現象，顯示在實驗室中兩個高峰間隔約15天，並不是受到飼養環境中某些因子的提示，而使得羽化呈現相似的間隔天數。

Abstract
The effects of temperature on daily eclosion time and monthly eclosion days of the marine midge Pontomyia oceana were investigated. We changed temperature at different times on the eclosion day. The results show that P. oceana has started related metabolic processes at sunrise which lead to eclosion after sunset. Daily temperature cycles do not have concentrating effect on daily eclosion time. Two peaks of eclosion dates occurred from the same batch of fertilized eggs in the laboratory without cyclic environmental factors. High culturing temperature results in short interval (duration) between fertilization and eclosion, whereas more days are required at low temperature. The culturing temperature has a significant influence upon the numbers of P. oceana occurring in different eclosion peaks. High first/second peak ratio occurred at high temperatures whereas relatively more eclosed at the second peak at low temperature. The eclosion dates of offspring are not related to their parents with regard to the 2 peaks. There was an corresponding shift in eclosion days in eggs fertilized 2 days apart. It suggested that circasemilunar eclosion times were not caused by cues in the laboratory.

壹、 緒論 …………………………………………………………… 1
貳、 材料與方法 …………………………………………………… 7
參、 結果 …………………………………………………………… 13
肆、 討論 …………………………………………………………… 18
伍、 參考文獻 ……………………………………………………… 25
附錄 ………………………………………………………………… 51

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