配電系統隨著負載快速成長，而日益複雜，導致運轉效率降低且供電品質惡化。配電工程師必須藉助新的方法和技術以解決前述問題，以提高系統運轉效率及改善供電品質。本論文擬應用免疫演算法搜尋最佳開關操作策略，使配電系統之饋線及主變壓器負載達到平衡，此方法是應用抗體及抗原在免疫系統運作模式來求解最佳化問題，其中，抗體及抗原相當於最佳化問題中求解空間的一解和目標函數。利用抗體族群相似程度之關係，增加抗體族群之雜異度，避免陷入局部最優解的可能性，使得在求解空間的搜尋過程中，能夠快速收斂且找到全域最佳解，以加速開關操作之推導效率。
本文也將配合目前正在進行中之台電公司台中區處配電自動化建置工程，以台中區處轄區之所有22KV之地下系統為研究對象，利用物件導向語言，建立配電元件之從屬關係及資料封裝功能，配合配電分析資料庫管理系統（DASDB），有效處理配電系統繁複之資料及改善因開關操作，導致系統架構變更所引發之資料庫即時更新並以此系統有效支援配電饋線或主變壓器事故之故障偵測、隔離即復電功能。在完成台中區處配電系統資料庫後，根據線路開關屬性資料，應用Topology processor，建立22KV配電系統之網路架構。為正確推導饋線開關電流值，本文將利用台電之用戶資訊系統（CIS）及負載特性調查，配合台電之停電管理系統（Outage Management Information System, OMIS），估算配電變壓器夏季及冬季之標準日負載曲線。同時將收集台中供電區處DDCS之所有饋線及主變壓器負載資料，執行三相負載潮流分析，精確的計算所有地下系統之四路開關（4-way LS）每小時之負載量。
在完成線路開關三相電流值之計算後，本文結合負載模式再利用免疫演算法推導配電系統正常運轉下的最佳開關操作策略及系統發生過載事故時之最佳開關操作策略，同時為驗證免疫演算法之執行成效，本文也將比較免疫演算法與傳統二元整數規劃執行最佳開關操作之結果。
由於本論文將以整個台電台中區轄區之所有配電系統為研究對象，其成果將更具實用性，同時本案之成果將可提供推動配電自動化重要參考。

With the rapid growth of load demand, the distribution system is becoming very complicated such that the operation efficiency and service quality are deteriorated during recent years. Engineers have to solve the problems by applying new technologies to enhance the efficiency of distribution system. In this thesis, an immune algorithm(IA) based on weighting selection as a decision maker is proposed to reach the desired switching operations such that transformer and feeder loading balance can be achieved. The IA antigen and antibody are equivalent to the objective and the feasible solution for a conventional optimization method. The concept of the information entropy is also introduced as a measure of diversity for the population to avoid falling into a local optimal solution. This algorithm prevents the possibility of stagnation in the iteration process and achieves the fast convergence for the global optimization.
With the object-orient programming(OOP), this research project is to create the relationship of distribution element objects and encapsulation of data with all 22KV underground systems in Taichung district. The OOP does provide an effective tool for the management of distribution system database and the fault detection, isolation, and service restoration(FDIR) function of feeders and main transformers. According to the attributes of line switches, we can create the 22KV distribution system configuration with the topology processor. In order to calculate the current flows of line switches, this project will also execute the three phase load flow program with the customer information system(CIS), load survey, outage management information system(OMIS), and the data of all feeders and main transformers.
In this thesis, the IA is used to solve the optimal switching problem by considering the customer load characteristics for the normal operation and the overload contingency of the distribution system. The efficiency of immune algorithm to solve the problem is verified by comparing to the computing time of the conventional binary integer programming for decision making of switching operation.
A Taichung district distribution system is selected for computer simulation to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for solving the optimal switching operation of distribution system. The result of this thesis will be an important reference for distribution automation in Taiwan.

摘要..................................................... i
Abstract............................................... iii
目錄..................................................... v
圖表索引.............................................. viii
第一章 緒論...............................................1
1.1 研究背景與動機...................................... 1
1.2 論文內容概述.........................................4
第二章 物件導向於配電系統之運用...........................5
2.1 前言..................................................5
2.2 物件導向之理論........................................5
2.2.1 程序導向與物件導向..................................5
2.2.2 物件導向之特性......................................8
2.3 配電自動化系統.......................................10
2.3.1 系統簡介...........................................11
2.3.2 系統架構...........................................12
2.4 配電系統元件類別與屬性...............................15
2.5 本章結論.............................................19
第三章 免疫演算法於配電系統開關操作策略..................20
3.1 前言.................................................20
3.2 開關操作策略.........................................21
3.2.1 問題描述...........................................21
3.2.2 目標函數...........................................22
3.3 免疫演算法...........................................23
3.3.1 免疫系統...........................................23
3.3.2 雜異度與適合度計算.................................26
3.4 免疫演算法執行最佳開關操作策略.......................27
3.5 本章結論.............................................31
第四章 最佳開關操作策略..................................32
4.1 前言.................................................32
4.2 轉供條件.............................................32
4.3 負載平衡之最佳化模式.................................34
4.3.1 季節變動之最佳開關操作策略.........................34
4.3.2 饋線過載事故.......................................41
4.3.3 主變壓器過載事故...................................41
4.4 饋線故障.............................................42
4.5 主變壓器故障.........................................46
4.6 本章結論.............................................49
第五章 系統模擬分析......................................50
5.1 前言.................................................50
5.2 18條饋線系統模擬.....................................50
5.2.1 系統架構...........................................50
5.2.2 負載潮流分析.......................................55
5.2.3 負載平衡為目標之最佳開關操作策略...................60
5.2.4 季節交替時之開關操作策略...........................65
5.2.5 饋線過載事故模擬...................................68
5.2.6 主變壓器過載事故模擬...............................70
5.2.7 饋線故障事故模擬...................................72
5.2.8 主變壓器故障事故模擬...............................75
5.3 台中配電系統模擬.....................................78
5.3.1 系統架構...........................................78
5.3.2 季節交替之重點開關推導.............................78
5.3.3 配電系統饋線故障模擬...............................86
5.3.4 主變壓器故障事故模擬...............................87
5.4 本章結論.............................................88
第六章 結論與未來展望....................................89
6.1 結論.................................................89
6.2 未來展望方向.........................................90
參考文獻.................................................92

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