摘 要
舒曼是浪漫時期重要的作曲家之一，其鋼琴作品在十九世紀更佔有一席之地。由於他對於文學的熱愛，使得他的作品總會包含特別的情感抒發形態；舒曼運用了三種方式將文學與音樂結合：在樂曲前引用一詩詞作為暗喻性副標題、在樂曲中展現文學著作之意境啟發、以及藉其對於文字的敏感度將之直接轉換成音符。
在舒曼眾多的鋼琴作品中，最引人注目的就是連章式特性小品的寫作，而《狂歡節》便是此種型態最具代表性之一。全曲總共由二十一首小曲組合而成，每一小曲舒曼均賦予一標題，描寫自己內心層面、好友特色、及「假面舞會」中各個角色的性格。本文一共分為五個部分做論述：第一、前言，第二、舒曼的鋼琴音樂與文學之關聯性，第三、舒曼之特性小品創作，第四、《狂歡節》的創作背景及其敘事風格、及第五部分、主題統整性及曲式調性結構，試將此曲之創作風格與內涵做一詳盡探討。

Abstract
Schumann is one of the most important composers in the Romantic period of music, furthermore, his piano works also stay in a firm position in the 19th century piano literature. Due to Schumann's enthusiasm for literature, his piano compositions are always linked to literature closely. There are three methods that Schumann used to integrate the art of literature and music: by using a poetry as a motto for an entire work, transforming the literary inspirations into his musical composition, and transferring directly from letters to notes.
Among Schumann's numerous piano works, the composition of character piece is noteworthy. The “Carnaval” is representative in this type. This work consists 21 pieces. For each piece, Schumann gives a title to describe his own duel-personalities, the features of his good friends, and the characteristics of each role from “Larventanz”. There are five chapters in this paper: the first chapter is the introduction, and in the second chapter it includes the relationship between Schumann's piano music and literature. The character pieces of Schumann will be discussed in the third chapter. The fourth chapter will focus on the compositional background and stylistic features of “Carnaval”. In the Fifth chapter, the unity of thematic materials and tonal structure of melodic frame will be discussed in details.

目 錄


一、前言…………………………………………………………………. 1

二、舒曼的鋼琴音樂與文學之關聯性………………………………. 3

三、舒曼之特性小品創作………………………………………………7

四、《狂歡節》的創作背景及其敘事風格…………………………. 12

五、主題統整性及曲式調性結構…………………………………… 24

六、結論…………………………………………………………………33

參考書目…………………………………………………………………35

參考書目

西文書目：
Basch, Victor. Schumann, a Life of Suffering. New York: Tudor Publishing Co.,
1936.

Bedford, Herbert. Robert Schumann, His Life and Work. Westport. Conn.:
Greenwood Press.

Brion, Marcel. Schumann & the Romantic Age. London: Collins, 1956.

Brown, Thomas Alan. The Aesthetics of Robert Schumann. Westport. Conn.:
Greenwood Press, 1975.

Chissell, Joan, Schumann. London: J. M. Dent, 1977.

Daverio, John. Robert Schumann: Herald of a “ New Poetic Age”. New York:
Oxford University Press, 1997.

Dowley, Tim. Schumann: His Life and Times. New York: Midas Books, 1982.

Dumm, Robert. “ Interpreting Robert Schumann”, Clavier, 1995.

Fuller-Maitland, J. A. Robert Schumann, 1810-1856. London: Sampson low,
Marston & Company, Inc., 1972.

Gillespie, John. Five Centuries of Keyboard Music. New York: W. W. Norton &
Company, Inc., 1972.

Gordon, Stewart. A History of Keyboard Literature. New York: Schirmer Books,
1996.

Kaminsky, Peter. “ Principles of Formal Structure in Schumann’s Early Piano
Cycles”, Music Theory Spectrum, 1989.

Kautsky Catherine. “ Musical Masks in Schumann’s Carnaval”, Clavier, 1991.

Maxwell, Carolyn. Schumann, Solo Piano Literature: A Comprehensive Guide:
Annotated and Evaluated with Thematics. Boulder, Colo.: Maxwell Music
Evaluation, 1984.

Miller, Richard. Singing Schumann: an Interpretive Guide for Performers. New
York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Newcomb Anthony. “ Schumann and Late Eighteenth- Century Narrative
Strategies”, 19th Century Music, 1987.

Niecks, Frederick. Robert Schumann. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1925.

Ostwald Peter F. Schumann: the Inner Voices of a Musical Genius. Boston:
Northeastern University Press, 1985.

. Schumann: Music and Madness. London: V. Gollancz, 1985.

Plantinga, Leon. Romantic Music. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.,
1984.

Rosen, Charles. The Romantic Generation. 5th ed. Cambridge: Harvard University
Press, 1995.

Rountree Kathleen. “ Lessons with Clara Schumann”, Clavier, 1991.

Todd, R. Larry. Schumann and His World. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University
Press, 1994.

. Nineteenth Century Piano Music. New York: Schirmer Books,
1990.

Walker Alan. ed. Robert Schumann: the Man and His Music. London: Barrie and
Jenkins Ltd., 1972.

Wasielewski, Wilhelm Joseph von. Life of Robert Schumann. Detroit: Information
Coordinators, 1975.

Apel, Willi. Harvard Dictionary of Music. Cambridge: Harvard University
Press, 1944.

中文書目：
荀白克。 《浪漫樂派》。 陳琳琳 譯。 台北市：萬象圖書，民國八十二年。

陳玉芸 著。 《舒曼鋼琴代表作之研究》。 台北市：大陸書店，民國八十六年。

樂譜：
漢斯•奧圖•希克 編訂。 《舒曼：狂歡節》。 台北市：全音樂譜出版社。