在國外，許多先進國家以已將電力自由化應用於電力事業，電費的價格一切由電力市場所決定。在電力自由化下，許多問題油然而生，發電系統將由民營發電公司(Independent Power Producer, IPP)負責，配電系統則由配電公司接手，而輸電系統由獨立系通操作者(Independent System Operator, IOS)負責對電力系統做管理，其對電力代輸費用(Wheeling Charge)的收費標準與線路損失費用應由發電方或負載方負責便成為一大難題。當電力系統發生緊急事故，若造成輸電線路壅塞，電力業者如何有效且快速地對電力系統進行調度也是專家學者們研究的重點，即電力系統之「壅塞管理」(Congestion Management, CM)。

本文應用等效電流注入法(Equivalent Current Injection, ECI)為基礎，推導出的電力潮流追蹤法(Power Flow Tracing Method, PFTM)，進行潮流追蹤，並配合線路容量使用因數(Line Usage Factor, LUF)與線路餘裕容量因數(Line Remnant Factor, LRF)之概念作為電力代輸費用計算。當電力系統發生事故時，若系統傳輸線路發生壅塞，本文運用潮流追蹤法求得發電機於壅塞線路的貢獻度，將貢獻度最大的發電機發電量下修，以此作為發電機調度的初始值，並以改良式粒子群演算法以及等效電流注入法，計算最佳發電機調度解決電力事故所產生的壅塞問題。

Many countries abroad have applied power system deregulation to determine the price of power by the electricity market. Under the circumstance of power system deregulation, many problems happened. The generation system is responsible for Independent Power Producer (IPP) and the distribution system is for distribution company. The transmission is managed by the Independent System Operator (IOS). The standard of pricing of Wheeling Charge and the responsibility of the losses of power during transmission become a big problem. When there is an emergency happened, makes the transmission lines congested. How the power industry dispatches the power system effectively and rapidly is an important point to research. It is called, Congestion Management (CM).

In the thesis, the Power Flow Tracing Method (PFTM) is derived based on the Equivalent Current Injection (ECI) to trace the power flow with the combination of Line Usage Factor (LUF) and Line Remnant Factor (LRF) to calculate the wheeling charge. When there is a fault happened, the generation will be decreased based on the contribution of power congestion calculated by PFTM. Based on the result of congestion analysis, the initial value of generation units can be determined to solve the congestion problems by Enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm and ECI.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖次 vii
表次 viii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究方法與步驟 2
1.3 論文架構及概要 3
第二章 潮流追蹤與電力代輸 5
2.1 前言 5
2.2 等效電流注入法負載潮流模型 5
2.3 電力潮流追蹤 11
2.4 線路損失追蹤 22
2.5 電力代輸費用. 26
第三章 應用潮流追蹤求解系統事故之數學模型 31
3.1 系統事故問題數學模型之描述 31
3.1.1 求解系統事故之目標函數 32
3.1.2 求解系統事故之等式與不等式限制式 34
3.2 模擬流程與步驟 36
第四章 改良式粒子群最佳化演算法之設計 39
4.1 前言 39
4.2 改良式時變係數粒子群最佳化演算法 43
4.2.1 數據統計理論 44
第五章 系統測試與案例分析 47
5.1 改良式時變係數粒子群最佳化演算法收斂測試 50
5.2 台灣電力系統代輸費用計算 51
5.2.1 代輸費用 53
5.2.2 區域邊際成本價格 56
5.2.3 線路分攤損失費用 59
5.3 事故分析測試 62
5.3.1案例一：系統線路跳脫與代輸費用 65
5.3.2案例二：系統發電機無法供電與代輸費用 72
第六章 結論與未來研究方向 77
6.1 結論 77
6.2 未來研究方向 78
參考文獻 79

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