高密度分波多工(DWDM)系統是目前有效提昇光纖網路頻寬的技術，隨著建設愈來愈多的DWDM系統，將廣泛的使用光塞取多工器 (OADM)，因此發展DWDM光纖網路系統中的即時監控技術來提昇系統的可靠度也就越來越重要。在傳統的光纖網路中，使用光時域反射儀(OTDR)來進行非破壞性的即時監控光纖通信系統，已經是一項成熟並廣被應用的技術。但在DWDM系統中，這項技術能否適用，到目前為止還未有人討論或研究。不同架構的OADM是否會影響OTDR進行即時監控？而OTDR發出的高功率脈衝光訊號，與傳送資料的1.55-μm DWDM訊號同時在單模光纖中傳輸，是否會產生激發性拉曼散射(Stimulated Raman scattering, SRS) 的非線性效應，進而對系統的傳輸品質誤碼率造成劣化和影響？
在本論文研究中，我們使用以光纖光柵(Fiber Bragg Grating, FBG)為基礎的OADM架構，並對於使用一個FBG及兩個三埠光循環器(Optical Circulator, OC)的OADM，與使用一個FBG及一個6埠光循環器的OADM，分別提出改良的架構，使它們可以適用於OTDR監控，並在使用這些及直接以麥克森—詹德式光纖光柵(Mach-Zenhder FBG)作為OADM的DWDM系統上，研究同時進行OTDR即時間控的技術。我們以高速(10 Gb/s)調變光訊號並同時以光時域反射儀進行即時監控，討論對系統誤碼率(Bit-Error-Rate, BER)的影響。我們發現，在長距離 (> 80 km) 的10 Gb/s調變的系統中，同時進行OTDR即時監控對系統BER性能影響可以乎略，也就是說，使用了OTDR監控的DWDM系統，可以對系統穩定性與可靠度提高有明顯的助益。最後我們並研究在分佈式拉曼光纖放大DWDM網路中，利用OTDR做即時監控的可行性。

Dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) technology are the provide solutions to increase the capacity of network. With the growth of using the OADM in DWDM system, it is more and more important to research the fault-locating fiber-link in-service supervisory technique for enhance the system reliability. Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) is a popular tool to offer an in-service fault-locating of fiber link in fiber-optic transmission systems. But in the DWDM network, this technique is never be used for in-service supervisory application on the system. Are different OADM structures will affect the in-service OTDR monitoring? Since OTDR operates with high peak powers, the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) effect in the conventional transmission fiber gives rise to power depletion of the data signal, and may degrade the bit-error-rate (BER) performance.
In this work, we investigate the in-service 1.65-μm OTDR monitoring supported FBG-based OADM structures. We improved FBG sandwiched between a pair of three-port optical circulator and multi-port optical circulator (MOC) FBG-based OADM to support OTDR monitoring, and research the technique of in-service OTDR monitoring for FBG-based, MZ-FBG based OADM system. The system bit-error-rate due to the OTDR monitoring a 10-Gb/s long (> 80 km) distance fiber link is examined. Negligible system power penalty, due to the OTDR monitoring, of both structures in 10 Gb/s dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) link is achieved. That is mean the system with OTDR monitoring should have the in-service fault-location monitoring capability to enhance network reliability. We also investigate the in-service OTDR 1.65-μm OTDR monitoring on the distributed Raman application system.

誌　　謝 （Acknowledgments） i
中文摘要 ii
ABSTRACT iii
List of Contents iv
List of Table vii
List of Figure viii
List of Acronyms xii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Review of Fiber Bragg Gratings 1
1.2 Mach-Zehnder Fiber Bragg Gratings 2
1.3 Review of Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer (OADM) 3
1.4 Fiber Raman Amplifier (FRA) 3
1.5 The Dissertation Organization 4
Chapter 2 In-Service OTDR-Monitoring-Supported Fiber-Bragg-Grating Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers 5
2.1 Review of Fiber Bragg Grating-Based OADM Systems 6
2.1.1 Conventional FBG-based OADM 6
2.1.2 Multi-port Optical Circulator FBG-based OADM 6
2.2 OTDR-monitoring-supported FBG-OADMs Configuration 7
2.2.1 Improved Conventional FBG-based OADM (C-type) 7
2.2.2 Improved Multi-port OC FBG-based OADM (M-type) 7
2.3 Demonstration of Short Distance Fiber Link 8
2.3.1 Experimental Setup 8
2.3.2 Experimental Results and Discussions 9
2.4 Demonstration of Long Distance Fiber Link 11
2.4.1 Experimental Setup 11
2.4.2 Experimental Results 12
2.5 Discussion 14
2.6 Summary 14
Chapter 3 In-Service OTDR Supervisory DWDM System Directly Through Mach-ZehnderFiber-Grating Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers 16
3.1 Review of Mach-Zehnder Fiber Bragg Grating OADM 16
3.2 Demonstration of Short Distance Fiber Link 17
3.2.1 Experimental Setup 17
3.2.2 Experimental Results 18
3.3 Demonstration of Long Distance Fiber Link 19
3.3.1 Experimental Setup 19
3.3.2 Experimental Results 20
3.4 Summary 23
Chapter 4 In-service 1.65-μm OTDR Monitoring on Distributed Fiber Raman Amplifier System 24
4.1 Introduction 24
4.2 Experimental Setup 25
4.3 Experimental Results and Discussions 26
4.4 Summary 28
Chapter 5 Conclusions 29
References 31
Biography 75
Publication List 76

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