近年來導波法在工業上的運用越趨重要，其優點在於能快速的針對設備進行整體性的檢查，且能在一定距離外將波傳導入而排除現場的量測限制。而平板上傳遞的SH波傳其波型結構簡單，波傳特性適用於平板之缺陷檢測。然而使用SH導波進行平板檢測時若遭遇銲道特徵，可能發生的問題為：明顯的銲道特徵訊號掩蓋了銲道周圍的缺陷訊號，產生檢測上的盲區；銲道特徵導致導波能量降低，可能使銲道後方的缺陷訊號不易顯現。
本研究係以對接銲道、T接銲道及搭接銲道等平板中常見的銲接型式為探討對象，以SH導波探討平板上各銲道回波的特性，並針對銲道後方的缺陷進行檢測應用的評估。首先以有限元素法軟體建立銲道模型進行數值模擬，接著利用一客制化的高頻電磁超音波換能器，以磁致伸縮效應產生SH0波傳模態的導波進行實驗驗證，以評估其實用性。由銲道量測結果可知不同類型銲道產生回波的機制及回波訊號強度，而由於實驗測得的銲道回波周期數與激振設定不同，改以實驗回波之周期數做模擬設定，可得到與實驗值誤差量低於3.5 %的模擬銲道訊號寬度，界定出各銲道因缺陷訊號與其重疊而對缺陷檢測造成影響的範圍。本論文使用之SH導波檢測系統之檢測精度能檢出截面積損失18 mm2的缺陷，若缺陷位於銲道後方，本文考量波傳能量降低及檢測精度後，利用截面積為30~120 mm2的孔洞做為人工缺陷探討其檢出能力。以銲道後缺陷與銲道訊號的比對探討其檢出能力，結果顯示大部份的銲道後缺陷皆可被檢出，無法檢出的缺陷為搭接銲道之後，截面積60 mm2以下的缺陷。以上研究結果將使以磁致伸縮換能器為探頭之高頻SH導波檢測系統更多元地應用在缺陷檢測實務上，提升其檢測能力與精度，降低公/工安危險。

The applications of guided wave are important in industry. The advantage of this method is that it can quickly inspect the whole pipeline system and can excite waves from a certain distance to exclude surroundings restrictions. The SH wave propagating with simple wave structure is suitable for plate inspection. However, when using the SH guided wave for plate inspection with weld: since the obvious weld signal covers the defect signal around the weld, it generates inspection blind zone; the energy of transmission wave through weld would reduce, so it is difficult to find the defect signal behind the weld.
In this study, the common plate welds types like butt, T-type and lap weld would be investigated. The purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction properties of incident SH0 waves on each weld joint. The SH0 waves inspection application for the defect behind the weld is also assessed. The weld structures have been modeled using numerical simulation by finite element method, and guided waves of SH0 mode can be generated by using a customized magnetostrictive EMAT (Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer) for experimental verification. By the comparison result, the generating mechanism and the amplitude of each weld signal are found. With reference to the number of cycles from the measured signal, the simulation signal range can be obtained within 3.5 % error. The blind zone range produced by obvious weld signal is defined by the signal range and width of each weld.
Defect with at least 18 mm2 cross-section area can be detected by experiment equipment. In terms of energy reduction and inspection ability, artificial holes with 30~120 mm2 cross-section area losses as defect is used. Defect detection capability is estimated by ratio of defect to weld signal amplitude. The measurement results show that most of the defects behind weld can be detected. Defect under 60 mm2 cross-section area and behind lap weld cannot be detected. The above research results will make the SH guided wave detection system using magnetostrictive EMAT more applicable for defect detection practices, improve its detection capability and accuracy, and reduce the risk of public/labor safety.

論文審定書 i
論文公開授權書 ii
誌謝 iii
中文摘要 iv
英文摘要 v
目錄 vii
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xiv
第一章 緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2研究動機與目的 3
1.3文獻回顧 4
1.4研究方法 7
1.5論文結構 8
第二章 基本理論 11
2.1 SH導波基本理論 11
2.1.1頻散曲線 11
2.1.2相位速度與群波速度 14
2.2勞侖茲力與磁致伸縮效應 16
2.2.1勞侖茲力 16
2.2.2磁致伸縮效應 17
第三章 模擬設定與實驗架構 22
3.1有限元素法的波傳模擬 22
3.1.1模型設定與網格劃分 22
3.1.2 SH導波激發與負載施加 24
3.1.3訊號擷取 26
3.2 SH導波之模擬設定 26
3.2.1檢測銲道之模擬設定 26
3.2.2檢測銲道後缺陷之模擬設定 27
3.3 SH導波檢測設備及流程 27
3.3.1檢測設備 27
3.3.2檢測流程 28
3.3.3波束擴散及缺陷深度定量 31
3.4實驗架設 33
3.4.1對接銲道 33
3.4.2 T接銲道 34
3.4.3搭接銲道 35
第四章 結果與討論 57
4.1銲道波傳特性模擬結果 57
4.1.1對接銲道 57
4.1.2 T接銲道 60
4.1.3搭接銲道 62
4.2檢測銲道後缺陷模擬結果 64
4.2.1對接銲道後缺陷 64
4.2.2 T接銲道後缺陷 64
4.2.3搭接銲道後缺陷 65
4.3實驗結果及與模擬之比較 66
4.3.1銲道訊號特性 66
4.3.2銲道後缺陷檢測能力 71
第五章 結論與未來展望 107
5.1結論 107
5.2未來展望 109
參考文獻 110

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