論文名稱：東妮．茉莉森《最湛藍的眼睛》中非裔美國人的主體形塑
校所組別：國立中山大學外國語文學所
畢業年度及提要別：九十二學年度第二學期碩士學位論文提要
研究生：鄭凱中
指導教授：張淑麗 教授

論文提要：
本論文旨在以規訓、擁有與男性氣概的角度來探討東妮．茉莉森《最湛藍的眼睛》中，作者如何描繪非裔美國人主體性的扭曲與變形。首先，我將說明茉莉森與傅柯對話的可行性。茉莉森描述的種族壓迫與傅柯闡述的規訓過程中，兩者都是以非常微妙的手段來達成目的，以致於主體不曾察覺，更不會反抗。因此，茉莉森與傅柯都注意到人在建造其主體性的同時，遭受隱性的壓迫與規訓。此外，茉莉森也藉由凸顯非裔美國人對於擁有權的渴望，來表達她對於這種渴望對於非裔美國人的主體形塑中所產生的負面效應。他們狂熱追求資產的擁有，顯露出他們渴望獲得某樣可以在擁有當中找到的東西。茉莉森暗指他們所求之物就是他們的自我。然而，在茉莉森的描述之中，這樣的策略並沒有成功。茉莉森主張若要擁有自我，特別是非裔美國女人的自我，必須要能不斷地奮鬥，並且要建立起一份與社群緊密相連的關係。此外，茉莉森將非裔美國男人描繪成失去人性的一群「人」，目的不在指責他們的殘暴，而是希望能使人們對於他們的痛苦能夠關注與憐憫，進而了解這群男人之可以可憐，是因為這一群「人」在先感受到自己無能成為男人，才轉而壓迫非裔美國女人。
在本論文的緒論中，我將闡明以傅柯規訓概念來解讀《最湛藍的眼睛》的可行性；論文的第一章，旨在以傅柯規訓概念中的凝視、規範、全景敞視主義的角度來探討，面對白人價值的壓迫，非裔美國人為何不反抗，反而接受並在日常生活中徹底實踐扭曲的種族意識型態；論文的第二章探討渴望擁有如何影響他們的主體形塑，以及茉莉森認為如何才能使他們獲得自我；論文的第三章，旨在討論非裔美國男人，在落入無能與失去人性的過程當中，所採用的各種暴力行徑與策略。最後，在結論中，我將簡述各章重點做為本論文的總結。

Title: The (De)Formation of African American Subjectivity in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye
Institute of Foreign Languages and Literature, National Sun Yat-sen University
Date: June 17, 2004
By: Kai-chung Cheng
Advisor: Professor Shu-li Chang

Abstract:
This thesis aims to examine Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye with Michel Foucault’s concept of discipline, the notion of ownership, and the impotence of manhood to explore how Morrison textualizes the (de)formation of African American subjectivity. To begin with, I will justify the feasibility of setting up such a dialogue between Toni Morrison and Michel Foucault. Both the racial oppression Morrison textualizes and the disciplinary process Foucault contextualizes operate in such a subtle way that the subject is not aware of it and thus does not fight back. Therefore, Morrison and Foucault draw attention to how people are implicitly oppressed and disciplined in the construction of their docile subjectivity. In addition, Morrison emphasizes how she worries about the effect of ownership on the construction of African American subjectivity by pervading The Bluest Eye with African Americans’ desire to own properties. Their craze to own properties indicates their desire to acquire something that they believe can be found in ownership. Morrison points out implicitly that what African Americans truly desire in their desperate pursuit of ownership is their own self. However, in Morrison’s textualization, such a strategy employed by African Americans to own their self almost always ends up in failure. Based on such a failure, Morrison posits the success of owning a self, specifically an African American female self, requires one to continue in the struggles to achieve one’s self identity and to build up a healthy and intimate relationship with one’s community. Moreover, Morrison’s portrayal of the dehumanization of African American men aims not to place blame on how brutal they are, but to arouse attention as well as pity to their suffering. It is impossible to construct a wholesome African American subjectivity without paying attention to the frustration African American males confront, for, feeling impotent in achieving their manhood, they turn to the oppression of African American females. Though Morrison projects African American females and males in different ways, she devotes her writing to both of them.
To sum up the structure of my thesis: In Introduction, I will justify the feasibility of examining Morrison’s The Bluest Eye with Foucault’s discipline; in Chapter One, I will present how Foucault’s concepts of gaze, norm, and Panopticism explain the reason why African Americans do not fight against the white value that oppresses them but adopt and practice it in their daily lives; in Chapter Two, I will focus on how the notion of ownership impinges upon their subjectivity and what Morrison puts forth to about how African Americans may begin to own their self; in Chapter Three, I will elaborate the significance of the process in which African American males are made impotent and dehumanized; in Conclusion, I will summarize the main arguments in previous chapters to conclude this thesis.

Table of Contents


Introduction...............................................1
Chapter One
Discipline: Why African Americans Do Not Fight Back?......12

Chapter Two
Ownership: How African Americans Form Their Subjectivity?.43

Chapter Three
“Manhood”: Why African American Males Are Dehumanized?..64

Conclusion................................................85
Work Cited............................................... 89

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