本研究依循Ferris et al.(1989)模型探討組織成員的「馬基維力人格傾向」與組織的「正式化程度」及「集權化程度」對組織成員政治知覺之影響。
本研究先行發出前測問卷，共計156份，經統計分析及項目分析，刪除不良題型後，正式發放問卷調查，共計發放2,133份問卷，回收1,940份，回收率達91.0%，剔除無效問卷50份，有效問卷為1,890份，有效問卷回收率88.6%。調查資料彙整後，分別使用描述性統計分析、信度分析、因素分析、獨立樣本 t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、相關分析、層級線性模型分析等方法，最後歸納出下述結論。
本研究分析結果：
1.組織成員的馬基維力人格傾向(個體因素)對組織政治知覺具顯著之正向影響力。
2.組織的正式化程度(組織因素)對組織政治知覺有負向影響傾向但不顯著。
3.組織的集權化程度(組織因素)對組織政治知覺具顯著之正向影響力。
4.組織的正式化程度對「組織成員的馬基維力人格傾向對組織成員政治知覺的影響力」不具顯著干擾效果。
5.組織的集權化程度對「組織成員的馬基維力人格傾向對組織成員政治知覺的影響力」不具顯著干擾效果。

none

中文摘要 ……………………………………………………………………………I
目錄 …………………………………………………………………………………II
表目錄 ………………………………………………………………………………III
圖目錄 ………………………………………………………………………………Ⅴ
第一章 緒論 ………………………………………………………………………01
第一節 研究動機 …………………………………………………………………01
第二節 研究目的 …………………………………………………………………03
第三節 研究流程 …………………………………………………………………04
第二章 文獻探討 …………………………………………………………………05
第一節 組織政治知覺定義 ………………………………………………………05
第二節 組織政治知覺的量測 ……………………………………………………11
第三節 組織政治知覺模型 ………………………………………………………14
第四節 組織政治知覺前因變項 …………………………………………………16
第五節 組織政治知覺後果變項 …………………………………………………21
第六節 組織政治知覺研究的相關干擾變項 ……………………………………24
第七節 馬基維力人格傾向與組織政治知覺之相關理論及研究 ………………25
第八節 組織正式化、集權化與組織政治知覺之相關理論及研究 ……………27
第三章 研究方法 …………………………………………………………………28
第一節 研究架構 …………………………………………………………………28
第二節 研究假設 …………………………………………………………………29
第三節 研究變項的操作性定義與衡量工具 ……………………………………30
第四節 分析方法 …………………………………………………………………34
第四章 實證分析 …………………………………………………………………37
第一節 前測樣本分析 ……………………………………………………………37
第二節 正式施測樣本分析 ………………………………………………………42
第三節 組織政治知覺在個人變項上之差異性分析 ……………………………48
第四節 前因變項與組織政治知覺之相關分析 …………………………………50
第五節 前因變項與組織政治知覺之影響性分析－層級線性分析 ……………51
第五章 結論與建議 ………………………………………………………………56
第一節 結論 ………………………………………………………………………56
第二節 管理實務建議 ……………………………………………………………58
第三節 研究限制及後續研究建議 ………………………………………………59
參考文獻 ……………………………………………………………………………60
一、中文部分 ………………………………………………………………………60
二、英文部分 ………………………………………………………………………61
附錄 …………………………………………………………………………………66
一、前測研究問卷 …………………………………………………………………66
二、正式施測問卷 …………………………………………………………………72
三、調查問卷樣本描述 ……………………………………………………………80

中文部分：
王保進，1999，視窗版 SPSS 與行為科學研究，台灣台北：心理出版社。
何金銘，2003，組織政治知覺類型及其前因與後果模型之再建，國科會， No.NSC92-2416-H-110-034，行政院國家科學委員會。
何金銘，2006，層級線性模型：「巢套」資料的有效分析方法，國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所授課講義。
何金銘，2006，統計分析方法，台灣台南：復文書局。
吳孝慈，2001，組織政治知覺及其對組織承諾之影響—某大學的實證分析，中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
李安民，2002，組織政治知覺對員工工作態度之影響，國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
李青芬等譯，Robbins著，1995，組織行為學，台灣台北：華泰書局。
林素華，2004，組織政治知覺的形成因素及其相應的管理對策，國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
邱皓政，2001，量化研究與統計分析，台灣台北：五南書局。
張紹勳等，2000，SPSS For Windows多變量統計分析，台灣台北：松崗公司。
張紹勳等，2000，SPSS For Windows統計分析－初等統計與高等統計，台灣台北：松崗公司。
陳安瀅，2003，政治知覺對組織負面影響的干擾因素－以工作滿足為例，中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
彭彦綺，2006，馬基維利主義傾向與向上影響行為之關聯研究，國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
曾琡雯，2002，個人、組織與環境因素在組織政治知覺形成過程中所扮演的角色，國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
黃良志等著，2007，人力資源管理理論與實務，台灣台北：華泰文化。
黃俊英，2000，多變量分析，台灣台北：華泰書局。
黃柏霖，2007，組織成員的馬基維利人格傾向與組織的「民主化程度」 及「公民營特質」對組織成員政治知覺之影響，國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
黃英忠，2001，現代管理學，第四版，台灣台北：華泰書局。
楊思琪，2002，組織政治知覺的類型與各類型組織政治知覺的形成因素，國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
廖力儀，2003，組織政治知覺模型－台灣經驗資料的驗證，國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
甄書芳，2005，組織政治知覺量表與構面－台灣經驗資料的建構，國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
劉超平，2003，組織政治知覺前因模型之實證研究－以服務性大型組織為例，國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
英文部份：
Allen R.W., Madison D.L., Porter L.W., Renwick P.A. & Mayes B.T.,1979, Organizational Politics: Tactics and Characteristics of Its Actors, California Management Review, Vol.22.
Andrews M.C. & Kacmar K.M.,2001, Discriminating Among Organizational Politics, Justice and Support, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22:347-366.
Andrews M.C. & Kacmar K.M.,2001, Impression Management by Association: Construction and Validation of a Scale, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58:142-161.
Andrews M.C., Witt L.A. & Kacmar K.M.,2001, The interactive effect of organizational politics and exchange ideology manager ratings of retention, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol 62:357-369.
Christie R. & Geis F. L.,1970, Studies in Machiavellianism. New York：Academic Press.
Cropanzano R., Kacmar K.M. & Bozeman,1995, The social setting of work organizations, Westport.
Cropanzano R., Howes J.C. & Grandey A.A.,1997, The Relationship of Organizational Politics and Support to Work Behaviors, Attitudes and Stress, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol.18:159-180.
Cropanzano R. et al.,1999, Organizational Politics and Organizational Support as Predicators of Work Attitudes, Job Performance and Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20:159-174.
Daft R.L.,1989, Organization theory and design (3rd ed.),St. Paul：West Publishing Co.
Dewar R. D., Whetten D. A. & Boje D.,1980, An examination of the reliability and validity of the Aiken and Hage scales of centralization, formalization, and task routineness, Administrative Science Quarterly, 25,120-128.
Drory A. & Romm T.,1988, Politics in Organization and its Perception within the organization, Organization Studies,9/2,165-179.
Drory A. & Romm T.,1990, The Definition of Organizational Politics: A review, Human Relations, Vol.43:1133-1154.
Drory A.,1993, Perceived Political Climate and Job Attitudes, Organization Studies, 14: 59-71.
Eisenhardt K.M. & Bourgeois,1988, Politics of Strategic Decision Making in High-Velocity Environments: Toward a Midrange Theory, Academy of Management Journal, Vol.31:737-770.
Farrell D. & Petersen J.C.,1982, Patterns of Political Behavior in Organizations, Academy of Management Review, Vol.7,No.3,403-412.
Ferris, Fedor, Chachere & Pondy,1989, Myths and politics in organizational contexts, Group and Organizational Studies, Vol.14:88-103.
Ferris G.R. & Judge T.A.,1991, Personnel/Human Resources Management: A Political Influence Perspective, Journal of Management, Vol.17,No.2,447-488.
Ferris G.R., Russ, G. S. & Fandt, P. M.,1989, Politics in Organizations, In R. A. Giacalone & P. Rosenfield(Eds), Impression Management in the Organization, pp.143-170. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Ferris G.R. & Kacmar K.M.,1991, Perceptions of Organizational Politics Scale(POPS): Development and Construct Validation, Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol.51,No.1,193-205.
Ferris G.R. & King T. R.,1991, Politics in Human Resources Decisions: A Walk on Dark Side, Organization Dynamics, Vol.20:59-71.
Ferris G.R. & Kacmar K.M.,1992, Perceptions of Organizational Politics. Journal of Management, Vol.18,No.1,93-116.
Ferris G.R. & Kacmar K.M.,1993, Perceptions of Organizational Politics Scale (POPS): Development and Construct Validation, Eductional & Psychological Measurement, Vol.51,No1,193-205.
Ferris G.R. & Kacmar K.M.,1993, Politics at work: Sharpening the Focus of Political Behavior in Organizations, Business Horizons,36,70-74.
Ferris G.R. & Wayne S.J.,1990, Influence Tactics, Affect and Exchange Quality in Supervisor-Subordinate Interactions: A Laboratory Experiment and Field Study, Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(5):487-499.
Ferris, Frink, Kacmar & Gilmore,1994, Understanding as an Antidote for the Dysfunctional Consequences of Organizational Politics as a Stressor, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Vol.24,13:1204-1220.
Ferris G.R., Fedor D. B. & King T. R.,1994, A Political Conceptualization of Managerial Behavior, Human Resource Management Review, Vol.4:1-34.
Ferris G.R., Frink D.D., Galang M.C., Zhou J., Kacmar K.M. & Howard J.L.,1996, Perceptions of Organizational Politics: Prediction, Stress-Related Implications and Outcomes, Human Relations, Vol.49,No.2,233-266.
Ferris G.R. & Frink D.D.,1996, Reactions of Diverse Groups to Politics in the Workplace. Journal of Management, Vol.22,No.1,23-44.
Gandz J. & Murray V.V.,1980, The Experience of Workplace Politics. Academy of Management Journal, Vol.23, No.2,237-251.
Gilmore D.C., Ferris G.R., Dulesohn J.H. & Harrell C.G.,1996, Organizational Politics and Employee Attendance. Group and Organization Management, Vol.21: 481-494.
Hackman J. R. & Oldham G R.,1980, Work redesign, MA:Addison-wesley,Publishing Co.
Hackman & Oldham ,1981, Relationships between organizational structure and employee reactions： Comparing alternative frameworks. Administrative Science Quarterly, 26,66-83.
Harrell C.G., Ferris G.R. & Dulebohn J.H.,1999, Political Behaviors as Moderators of the Perceptions of Organizational Politics-Work Outcomes Relationships, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol.20:1093-1105.
Hochwarter W. A., Perrewe P. L.& Ferris G. R.,1999, Commitment as an Antidote to the Tension and Turnover Consequences of Organizational Politics, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol.55,277-297.
Hochwarter W. A., Witt L. A. & Kacmar K.M.,2000, Perceptions of Organizational Politics as a Moderator of Relationship Between Conscientiousness and Job Performance, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.85:472-478.
Jex, Beehr,1991, Emerging theoretical issues in the study of work-related stress, Greenwich, CT.
Kacmar K.M. & Carlson D.S.,1997. Further Validation of the Perceptions of Politics Scale (POPS): A Multiple Sample Investigation. Journal of Management, Vol.23,No.5, 627-658.
Kacmar K.M. et al.,1999. An Examination of Perceptions of Organizational Politics Model: Replication and Extension. Human Relations, Vol.52,No.3,384-415.
Kacmar K.M. & Baron R.A.,1999. Organizational Politics: The State of Field, Links to Related Processes and an Agenda for Future Research, Research in Personnel and Human Resources management, Vol.17:1-39
Kacmar K.M., Bozeman D.P., Carlson D.S. & Anthony W.P.,1999. An Examination of Perceptions of Organizational Politics Model:Replication & Extension, Human Relations, Vol.135,No.3,301-312.
Kacmar K.M. et al.,2003. The Interactive Effects of Organizational Politics and Exchange Ideology on Manager Ratings of Retention, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 62:357-369.
Katz & Kahn,1978, The social psychology of organizations (2nd ed.),New York.
Kiewitz, Christian, Ferris G.R., Hochwarter & Wayne A.,2002, The role of psychological climate in Neutralizing the effects of organizational politics on work outcomes, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Vol.32 (6):1189.
Kipnis D. & Schmidt, Wilkinson,1980. Intraorganizational Influence Tactics: Exploration in Getting One’s Way, Journal of Applied Psychology, 65:440-452.
Larwood L., Thomas A Wright, Stephan Desrochers & Veronica Dahir,1998, Extending latent role and psychological contract theories to predict intent to turnover and politics in business organizations, Group & Organization Management, Vol.23,100-123.
Madison D.L.,1980,Organizational Politics: An Exploration of Managers’ Perceptions, Human Relations, Vol.33,No.2,79-100.
Matthew V., Kacmar K.M., Suzanne Zivnuska,2003, Self-Efficacy, Outcome Expectations and Organizational Politics Perceptions. Journal of Behavioral & Applied Management, Vol.5,No.1,13.
Mayes B.T. & Allen R.W.,1977, Toward A Definition of Organizational Politics, Academy of Management Review, October,672-678.
McGrath, J. E.,1976, Stress & behavior in organizations, Chicago: Rand-McNally.
Mintzberg H.,1983, Power in and around organizations, NJ: Prentice-Hall.”
Mintzberg H.,1985, The Organization as political arena, Journal of Management Studies,22,2,133-154.
Nunnally, J.C.,1978, Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Nye, Lendell G. & Witt L.A.,1993, Dimensionality and Construct Validity of The POPS, Educational & Psychological Measurement, Vol. 53, No.3, 821.
O’connor W.E. & Morrision T.G.,2001. A Comparison of Situational and Dispositional Predictors of Perceptions of Organizational Politics, The Journal of Psychology, Vol,135:301-312.
Parker C.P., Dipboye R.L.,1995, Perceptions of Organizational Politics: An Investigation of Antecedents and Consequences, Journal of Management, Vol.21,No.5,891-912.
Pfeffer J.,1992, managing with power, Boston. Politics: A Confirmatory Analysis, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Vol.25,No.19,1747-1764.
Porter, Allen, Angle,1981, The politics of upward influence in organizations, Greenwich.CT.
Randall, M. L., Cropanzano R., Bormann C. A., & Birjulin A.,1999. Organizational Politics and Organizational Support as Predictors of Work Attitudes, Job Performance and Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol.20, 159-174.
Seashore S.E. & Taber T.D.,1975, Job-Satisfaction Indicators and Their Correlated, American Behavioral Stientist,18: pp333-368.
Sutton, Kahn,1986, Prediction, understanding and control as antidotes to organizational stress, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Tetrick L.E. & LaRocco J.M.,1987, Understanding, Prediction and Control as Moderators of the Relationships Between Perceived Stress, Satisfaction and Psychological Well-Being, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.72,No.4,538-543.
Valle M.,1997, Perceptions of Organizational Politics and Subsequent Behaviors, Psychological Reports, Vol.81,945-946.
Valle M. & Perrewe P.L.,2000, Do Politics Perceptions Relate to Political Behaviors? Tests of an Implicit Assumption and Expand Model, Human Relations, Vol.53:359-386.
Valle M. & Witt L.A.,2001, The Moderating Effect of Teamwork Perceptions on the Organizational Politics-Job Satisfaction Relationship, The Journal of Social Psychology, 141(3):379-388.
Valle M., Kacmar K.M. & Suzanne Zivnuska,2003, Self- Efficacy, Outcome Expectations and Organizational Politics Perceptions, Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, Vol.5(1):13.
Vigoda E.,2000, Organizational Politics, Job Attitudes and Work Outcomes: Exploration and Implications for the Public Sector, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 57:326-347.
Vigoda, E.,2000. Internal Politics in Public Administration Systems, Public Personnel Management, 29(2):185-210.
Vigoda E.,2001, Reactions to organizational politics: A cross-cultural examination in Israel and Britain, Human Relations, Vol.54:1483.
Vigoda E. & Cohen A.,2002, Influence Tactics and Perceptions of Organizational Politics A Longitudinal Study, Journal of Business Research, Vol,55:311-324.
Vigoda E.,2002, Stress-related Aftermaths to Workplace Politics: the Relationship among Politics, Job Distress and Aggressive Behavior in Organization, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol.23:571-591.
Vredenburgh D.J. & Maurer J.G.,1984, A Process Framework of Organizational Politics: Human Relations, Vol.37:47-66.
Wayne A.H., Kacmar K.M., Perrewe P.L. & Diane J.,2003, Perceived organizational support as a mediator of the relationship between politics perceptions & work outcomes, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol.63,438-456.
Wayne A.H., Kacmar K.M.,2000, Research Reports Perceptions of Organizational Politics as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Conscientiousness & Job Performance, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.85,No.4,472-478.
Welsh M.A. & Slusher E.A.,1986, Organizational Designs a Context for Political Activity, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.31:389-402.
Witt L. A. et al.,2001, The Interactive Effects of Procedural Justice and Exchange Ideology on Supervisor-Rated Commitment, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22:505-515.
Witt L. A. et al., 2002, Interactive Effects of Personality and Organizational Politics on Contextual Performance, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23:911-926.
Witt L.A., Patti, Anthony L., Farmer & William L.,2002, Organizational politics & work identity as predictors of organizational commitment, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Vol.32,No.3,486.
Zaleznik & Howard,1977, Stress reactions in organizations: Syndromes, causes and consequences, Behavior Science, Vol.22:151-162.
Zhou J. & Ferris G. R.,1995, The Dimensions and Consequences of Organizational Politics: A Confirmatory Analysis, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Vol.25,No.19, 1747-1764.