本文提出一種適用於平板電腦之LTE/WWAN平面印刷式的環圈天線，其包含一單極天線及一環圈結構，尺寸僅為75 × 12 mm2。該天線在環圈結構中具有一分佈式電感元件，此分佈式電感元件具有類似於晶片電感的功效，其所產生的電感性電抗和耦合區間的電容性電抗產生一並接共振，提升環圈結構的0.5波長共振模態高頻頻率的實部阻抗，且使得虛部阻抗增加一零點，使原有之模態達成雙共振，涵蓋LTE700/GSM850/900之操作。且該天線之饋入部除了用於耦合激發環圈結構，同時是一輻射體產生四分之一波長之單極共振模態，並與環圈結構的高階模態合成寬頻之高頻操作，涵蓋GSM1800/1900/UMTS/LTE2300/2500之操作。此外，並探討該天線通過body SAR的規範(小於1.6 W/kg)時，天線與測試模型間需要的最小距離，以及環圈天線為平面與具彎折的立體結構兩者間body SAR值的差異。

In this thesis, an LTE/WWAN planar loop antenna for tablet computer with a compact size of 75 × 12 mm2 is presented. The planar loop antenna comprises a printed loop strip and a patch monopole encircled therein. By embedding a printed distributed inductor in the loop strip, whose effect is similar to a chip inductor, a parallel resonant mode is generated owing to the contributed inductance of the distributed inductor and the contributed capacitance of the coupling between the loop strip and the patch monopole. The parallel resonant mode leads to increase input resistance of the 0.5-wavelength loop mode at the high-frequency tail and a zero reactance nearby the original resonance of the 0.5-wavelength loop mode, thereby resulting in a dual-resonance excitation to greatly enhance the bandwidth of the antenna’s lower band for the LTE700/GSM850/900 operation. In addition, the patch monopole, which performs not only as a coupling feed but also an efficient radiator, provides a 0.25-wavelength resonant mode to combine with a higher-order resonant mode contributed by the printed loop strip to form the antenna’s upper band to cover the GSM1800/1900/UMTS/LTE2300/2500 operation. Further, the required distance between the antenna and the testing flat phantom to meet the 1-g body SAR requirement of 1.6 W/kg is discussed. A comparison of the body SAR value of the planar loop antenna and the bent loop antenna is also discussed.

第一章 序論 (Introduction) 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 文獻導覽 2
1.3 論文提要 3

第二章 應用於平板電腦之環圈天線設計 (Planar Loop Antenna for Tablet Computer) 5
2.1 環圈天線設計的技術概念 5
2.2 環圈天線設計的結構介紹 7
2.3 實驗結果與技術分析 9
2.4 延伸研究 20
2.4 心得與討論 23

第三章 應用於平板電腦之平面環圈天線body SAR研究 (Study of the Body SAR of the Planar Loop Antenna for Tablet Computer) 25
3.1 測試模型之設定與天線之相對位置 25
3.2 平面環圈天線之body SAR模擬測試 28
3.3 平面環圈天線與測試模型間距離不同對body SAR之影響 30
3.4 心得與討論 32

第四章 彎折環圈天線對body SAR影響的分析 (Analysis of the Body SAR of the Bent Loop Antenna) 34
4.1 彎折環圈天線的結構及配置 34
4.2 彎折環圈天線以底面配置模擬body SAR值的分析 36
4.3 彎折環圈天線以橫立配置模擬body SAR值的分析 39
4.4 心得與討論 41

第五章 結論 (Conclusions) 43

參考文獻 (References) 45

論文著作表 (Publication List) 50

[1] http://www.apple.com/ipad/, iPad & iPad 2.
[2] http://www.3gpp.org/, 3rd Generation Partnership Project
[3] K. L. Wong and L. C. Lee, “Multiband printed monopole slot antenna for WWAN operation in the laptop computer,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 57, pp. 324-330, Feb. 2009.
[4] C. H. Chang and K. L. Wong, “Internal coupled-fed shorted monopole antenna for GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS operation in the laptop computer,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 56, pp. 3600-3604, Nov. 2008.
[5] X. Wang, W. Chen and Z. Feng, “Multiband antenna with parasitic branches for laptop applications,” Electron. Lett., vol. 43, pp. 1012-1013, Sep. 13, 2007.
[6] C. Zhang, S. Yang, S. El-Ghazaly, A. E. Fathy and V. K. Nair, “A low-profile branched monopole laptop reconfigurable multiband antenna for wireless applications,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagat. Lett., vol. 8, pp. 216-219, 2009.
[7] American National Standards Institute (ANSI), Safety levels with respect to human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz, ANSI/IEEE standard C95.1, April 1999.
[8] IEC 62209-1, Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless communication devices – Human models, instrumentation, and procedures – Part 1: Procedure to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR) for hand-held devices used in close proximity to the ear (frequency range of 300 MHz to 3 GHz), Feb. 2005.
[9] C. H. Li, E. Ofli, N. Chavannes and N. Kuster, “Effects of hand phantom on mobile phone antenna performance,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 57, pp. 2763-2770, Sep. 2009.
[10] Federal Communications Commission, Office of Engineering and Technology, Mobile and Portable Device RF Exposure Equipment Authorization Procedures, OET/Lab Knowledge Database publication number 447498 item 7, Dec. 13, 2007.
[11] K. D. Katsibas, C. A. Balanis, P. A. Tirkas and C. R. Birtcher, “Folded loop antenna for mobile hand-held units,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 46, pp. 260-266, Feb. 1998.
[12] R. L. Li, E. M. Tentzeris, J. Laskar, V. F. Fusco and R. Cahill, “Broadband loop antenna for DCS-1800/UMT-2000 mobile phone handsets,” IEEE Microwave Wireless Components Lett., vol. 12, pp. 305-307, Aug. 2002.
[13] B. K. Yu, B. Jung, H. J. Lee, F. J. Harackiewwicz and B. Lee, “A folded and bent internal loop antenna for GSM/DCS/PCS operation of mobile handset applications,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 48, pp. 463-467, Mar. 2006.
[14] B. Jung, H. Rhyu, Y. J. Lee, F. J. Harackiewwicz, M. J. Park and B. Lee, “Internal folded loop antenna with tuning notches for GSM/GPS/DCS/PCS mobile handset applications,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 48, pp. 1501-1504, Aug. 2006.
[15] C. I. Lin and K. L. Wong, “Internal meandered loop antenna for GSM/DCS/PCS multiband operation in a mobile phone with the user’s hand,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 49, pp. 759-765, Apr. 2007.
[16] Y. W. Chi and K. L. Wong, “Internal compact dual-band printed loop antenna for mobile phone application,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 55, pp. 1457-1462, May 2007.
[17] K. L. Wong and C. H. Huang, “Printed loop antenna with a perpendicular feed for penta-band mobile phone application,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 56, pp. 2138-2141, Jul. 2008.
[18] W. Y. Li and K. L. Wong, “Seven-band surface-mount loop antenna with a capacitively coupled feed for mobile phone application,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 51, 81-88, Jan. 2009.
[19] H. Kanj and S. M. Ali, “Compact multiband folded 3-D monopole antenna,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagat. Lett., vol. 8, pp. 185-188, 2009.
[20] A. R. Razali and M. E. Bialkowski, “Coplanar inverted-F antenna with open-end ground slots for multiband operation,” IEEE Antennas Propagat. Lett., vol. 8, pp. 1029-1032, 2009.
[21] C. L. Liu, Y. F. Lin, C. M. Liang, S. C. Pan and H. M. Chen, “Miniature internal penta-band monopole antenna for mobile phones,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 58, pp. 1008-1011, Mar. 2010.
[22] K. L. Wong and S. C. Chen, “Printed single-strip monopole using a chip inductor for penta-band WWAN operation in the mobile phone,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 58, Mar. 2010.
[23] T. W. Kang and K. L. Wong, “Chip-inductor-embedded small-size printed strip monopole for WWAN operation in the mobile phone,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 51, pp. 966-971, Apr. 2009.
[24] http://www.ansoft.com/products/hf/hfss/, HFSS.
[25] K. L. Wong, C. H. Wu and S. W. Su, ”Ultra-wideband planar monopole antenna with a trident-shaped feeding strip, ”Proc 2004 Int Conf on EM Applications and Compatibility, Oct. 2004.
[26] K. L. Wong, C. H. Wu and S. W. Su, ”Ultra-wideband square planar metal-plate monopole antenna with a trident-shaped feeding strip, ”IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 53, pp. 1262-1269, Apr. 2005.
[27] S. W. Su, J. H. Chou and K. L. Wong, ”Internal ultra-wideband monopole antenna for wireless USB dongle applications, ”IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 55, pp. 1180-1183, Apr. 2007.
[28] http:///www.ets-lindgren.com, ETS-Lindgren.
[29] P. Vainikainen, J. Ollikainen, O. Kivekas and I. Kelander, “Resonator-based analysis of the combination of mobile handset antenna and chassis,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 50, pp. 1433-1444, Oct. 2002.
[30] C. H. Chang and K. L. Wong, “Small-size printed monopole with a printed distributed inductor for penta-band WWAN mobile phone application,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 51, pp. 2903-2908, Dec. 2009.
[31] http://www.semcad.com, SEMCAD, Schmid & Partner Engineering AG (SPEAG).
[32] http://www.satimo.com/content/products/flat-phantom, SATIMO-Flat Phantoms.
[33] http://www.fcc.gov/, Federal Communications Commission.
[34] http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/eng/sf01904.html, IC-RSS 102 Issue 4.