由於鋁擁有優異的化學、物理特性和重量輕等優點，因此被運用在工業非常廣泛。但是鋁表面的硬度低和抗磨耗性質差，因此發展出對鋁進行表面改質的製程，來改善鋁表面的特性。在大多表面處理方法，其製備方法複雜麻煩，或是在運作上有許多必須要到達運轉條件。因此在這份研究中，利用超音波珠擊製程 (UMCA) 來改善鋁表面的機械特性。超音波珠擊製程提供簡單又方便的製程來獲得更好的鋁表面特性。這製程藉由高能量鋼球撞擊，將陶瓷粉末氧化銅打入鋁基板表面上，提升鋁表面的硬度，形成鋁基複合材料。雖然超音波珠擊製程能對表面進行改質，但鍍層與基板的結合程度也在表面處理中，是一個重要的議題。因此為了增加結合程度，在超音波珠擊製程後進行熱處理，透過增加強化層與基板的結合，並且在熱處理中，陶瓷粉末與鋁材進行化學反應，更進一步增強鋁表面的硬度特性。

本實驗經過超音波珠擊製程後，表面硬度比未處理過的母材上升至少4倍以上，從46 Hv 最高提升至279 Hv。在經過超音波珠擊製程，試片表面所儲存的應變能和許多不穩定的缺陷，造成鋁基材和氧化銅鍍層反應溫度往前提，經過熱處理後，產出了奈米級的介金屬化合物，但若使用過高的熱處理溫度，會使銅大量析出，也會消除珠擊過程中導入的應變強化，造成硬度沒提升反而下降至接近與母材相同。於是將熱處理溫度降低，在UMCA 處裡時間為20分鐘，熱處理500oC持溫1小時的試片，硬度為最高，大幅度提升至約10倍，從47 Hv 提升至426 Hv。

Because of the excellent physical, chemical properties and light weight, aluminum is widely used in industry and engineering. However, aluminum surface display poor hardness so that the surface modification has been developed and wide studies to improve this situation. The most surface modifications have obstacles or limitation such as inconvenient preparation, respectively high operating temperature, and long operating time etc. In this study, the ultrasonic mechanical coating and armouring (UMCA) will be applied to improve the surface mechanical properties. The UMCA provides a simple and convenient method to obtain better properties of aluminum surface. It coats ceramic powders CuO on a substrate through high-energy ball impacts which form the aluminum metal matrix composite. The ceramic powders are harming into Al substrates leading to increasing the hardness. Although UMCA process can modify the surface properties, the combination is a big deal for UMCA process. Thus, the heat treatment will be proceeded to enhance the boding between coating layers and a substrate. During the heating, Al substrate reacted with powders to generate the intermetallic compounds which further increased the hardness of Al.

After UMCA process, the surface hardness of the UMCA samples can increase 4 times higher than the untreated samples, from 47 Hv up to 279 Hv. On the contrary, On the contrary, the surface hardness decreased to the level of base 1050 Al after exorbitant (580oC) heat treatment due to the generation of pure copper, coarsening of Al2Cu and the elimination of UMCA induced work hardening. Therefore, the heating temperature was lowered and tried at different temperatures. The best resulting hardness is about 10 times of that of the bare Al when sample with 20 min UMCA and 500oC-60 min heat treatment, from 47 Hv up to 426 Hv.

論文審定書+i
致謝+ii
摘要+iv
Abstract+v
List of Tables+ix
List of Figures+x
Chapter 1 Introduction+1
Chapter 2 Background and Literature Review+4
2-1 Characters of aluminum+4
2-1-1 Aluminum oxide+4
2-1-2 Application of aluminum+6
2-2 Surface modification+7
2-2-1 Electroplating+8
2-2-2 Anodizing +9
2-2-3 Nitriding and carburizing+10
2-2-4 Hot dipping+11
2-2-5 Ultrasonic mechanical coating and armouring (UMCA)+12
2-3 Metal matrix composites+14
2-4 Reaction between Al and CuO+17
2-5 The hardness+20
2-6 Motivation+21
Chapter 3 Experimental Procedures+23
3-1 Sample preparation+23
3-1-1 Raw material+23
3-1-2 The ultrasonic mechanical coating and armouring (UMCA)+23
3-1-3 Heat treatment+24
3-2 Property measurements and analyses+25
3-2-1 Grazing Incidence X-ray diffraction (XRD)+25
3-2-2 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) +26
3-2-3 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)+26
3-2-4 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)+26
3-2-5 Hardness testing+27
Chapter 4 Results and Discussions+28
4-1 X-ray diffraction analysis+28
4-2 Thermal analyses+30
4-3 Morphology analyses+32
4-4 Hardness property analyses+33
4-5 Hardness prediction+35
Chapter 5 Conclusions+39
References+41
Tables+44
Figures+54

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