本研究主要針對高雄港工業碼頭底泥進行底質調查及評估處理技術。本研究現場監測作業包括鹽水港溪流入工業碼頭區之前段(A區)、鹽水港溪流入工業碼頭區之後段(B區)及工廠與造船廠交界碼頭區(C區)，三個測站岩心底泥及A區三個表層底泥採樣工作，作為實驗室底泥處理技術測試之用。
調查結果顯示，工業碼頭底泥部分重金屬濃度已高於我國底泥品質指標之上限值(ULV)，尤其是銅及鋅。此外，工業碼頭A、B及C區之底泥至少皆有一項重金屬濃度超過我國現行土壤管制標準值。其中，銅濃度超出管制標準之頻率最高，A、B及C區表層底泥分別約有75%、42%及0%，而岩心底泥分別約有20%、90%及15%。此結果顯示，工業碼頭底泥須先進行適當前處理後才能填海築陸資源化再利用。工業碼頭A及B區(鹽水港溪河口)浚泥數量經調查、模擬及推估後，計算出須先適當前處理後才能填陸之浚泥量分別約為4.0萬及3.64萬立方公尺，合計約為7.64萬立方公尺。工業碼頭位於鹽水港溪出海口，因此承受其上游污染源注入之影響，導致底泥品質不佳。對於目前累積於碼頭的底泥應先進行移除並處理外，對於上游鹽水港溪之整治及污染源之管制應為未來改善底泥品質最為重要的工作之ㄧ。
本研究針對淋洗及化學氧化兩種處理技術進行工業碼頭底泥有機污染物(以總石油碳氫化合物(TPH)為目標污染物)處理可行性試驗。處理之底泥係由工業碼頭附近現場採集，其pH值約為7.1、含水率為43.9%、有機質含量為20.1%，而粒徑組成係以細顆粒(silt+clay)為主約佔84.3%，因此在處理上可能較困難。底泥之TPH含量為8,691 mg/kg。以Simple Green(SG)、Triton X-100(TX-100)及Tween 80(TW80)三種界面活性劑進行底泥淋洗處理，淋洗60 pv，5% (v/v) SG可移除底泥中97.3%的TPH；0.5% (v/v)TX-100可移除96.8% TPH；淋洗30 pv，1% (v/v) TX-100可移除94.6% TPH；淋洗10 pv，5% (v/v) TX-100可移除96.7% TPH；但TW80淋洗效果不佳。氧化處理部份，以6% H2O2反應180 min可去除58.2% TPH。在接續式淋洗氧化程序處理後，共可去除86%的TPH。以SEM觀察其處理後之底泥表面型態發現，處理前後底泥表面型態無太大差異，處理後之底泥亦無界面活性劑殘留之乳化相，此結果顯示了，接續式淋洗氧化處理程序係一可將TPH 大部分去除及對環境較無危害之可行技術。

This study focuses on the Kaohsiung industrial pier sediment survey, assessment and feasibility study of the approach. In this study, field monitoring operations, including the close Salt Water River mouth area of the industrial port (area A), the far Salt Water River mouth area of the industrial port (area B) and for the factories and shipyards at the junction of the terminal area (area C), The sampling of sediments of three core and three surface sediments of area A that used as treating test at laboratory.
The survey results show that the industrial pier some heavy metals in the sediment concentration is higher than the quality indicators in the sediment above the limit (ULV), especially copper and zinc. In addition, the concentration of heavy metals of industrial pier area A, B and C of the sediment at least one of them is than current soil control standard. Among them, the frequency of exceeding control standards of copper concentration is the highest, the surface sediments of area A, B and C were about 75%, 42% and 0% respectively, while the core sediments were about 20%, 90% and 15%. These results indicate that the industrial pier sediment required to carry out appropriate pre-treatment to reclamation land to recycling. After investigation, simulation and estimation, the required appropriate treatment sediment in order to landfill volume of industrial pier area A and B (Salt Water River mouth) were approximately 40,000 and 36,400 cubic meters, the total approximately 76,400 cubic meters. Industrial pier is located in the Salt Water River mouth, and therefore withstand the effects of pollutants of the upstream sources flowed in, and than the sediment quality was poor. Sediments were accumulated in the bottom should be removed and sediments at the upstream Salt Water River should be treated too, the remediation and pollution source control for the future to improve the sediment quality is the most important work in Taiwan.
In this study, chemical washing and chemical oxidation of the two treatment technology for industrial pier sediment organic pollutants (total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) as the target pollutants) to deal with the feasibility test. Sediment to be processed was collected neart the industrial pier, the pH value of approximately 7.1, the moisture content was 43.9%, 20.1% organic matter content, while the particle size composition of mainly fine particles (silt + clay) to about 84.3% handling may be more difficult. The sediments of the TPH concentration of 8,691 mg / kg. Three surfactants Simple Green (SG), Triton X-100 (TX-100) and Tween 80 (TW80) were used at sediment washing test,washing with 60 pv and 5% (v / v) SG could remove 97.3% TPH at the end of the mud; 0.5% (v / v) TX-100 could remove 96.8% TPH; washing with 30 pv, 1% (v / v) TX-100 could remove 94.6% the TPH; washing with 10 pv, 5% (v / v) TX-100 could remove 96.7% TPH; but TW80 leaching ineffective. Oxidation processing, applied 6% H2O2 reaction 180 min, 58.2% of TPH could be removed. Connection of washing and oxidation treatment process, could be removed total of 86% of TPH. The sediment surface morphology before and after treatment were observed by SEM were not significantly different, no surfactant emulsion was left at sediment after treated, this result revealed the connection of washing and oxidation treatment process could remove most of TPH and less harmful to the environment was an available technique.

目錄 頁次
論文審定書………………………………………… i

誌謝………………………………………………… ii

中文摘要……………………………………………. iii

Abstract……………………………………………. v

目錄………………………………………………… vii

表目錄……………………………………………… ix

圖目錄………………………………………………. xi


第一章 前言…………………………………………1
1.1環境背景說明……………………………………1
1.2 研究目的…………………………………………1
第二章 文獻回顧……………………………………3
2.1 底泥概述.……………………………………… 3
2.2各國底泥品質指標………………………………4
2.3底泥浚挖及處理技術……………………………14
2.3.1底泥浚挖方式.…………………………………14
2.3.2底泥處理技術.…………………………………18
2.4底泥污染處理……………………………………25
2.4.1底泥淋洗技術.…………………………………26
2.4.2底泥化學氧化技術.……………………………37
第三章 研究材料與方法……………………………45
3.1 採樣點規劃.……………………………………45
3.2樣本採集…………………………………………47
3.3樣品前處理與分析………………………………47
3.3.1岩心樣本前處理.………………………………47
3.3.2底泥樣本分析.…………………………………48
3.4 底泥分析與試驗…………………………………53
3.4.1底泥基本特性分析.…………………………….53
3.4.2底泥淋洗試驗.…………………………………56
3.4.3底泥化學氧化試驗.……………………………60
第四章 結果與討論.…………………………………66
4.1底泥重金屬濃度分布……………………………62
4.2 底泥品質與國內外指標比較……………………62
4.3底泥之分類………………………………………90
4.3.1底泥分類方法.…………………………………90
4.3.2底泥分類判定.…………………………………91
4.4 底泥受河川污染影響推估………………………104
4.4.1污染影響推估方式.……………………………104
4.4.2 河川污染影響範圍.…………………………105
4.5底泥處理試驗成效………………………………107
4.5.1試驗底泥特性.………………………………107
4.5.2底泥淋洗處理成效.…………………………108
4.5.3底泥化學氧化處理成效.……………………116
第五章 結論與建議. ……………………………120
5.1 結論……………………………………………120
5.1.1 底泥污染調查………………………………120
5.1.2底泥處理技術評估…………………………120
5.2 建議事項………………………………………121
參考文獻..………………………………………….122
附錄一 中英對照表………………………………126

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