鯨豚是一種靠聲音來生活的海洋哺乳類動物，牠們利用高頻回聲定位(Echolocation Click)來探測環境，以及低頻哨叫聲(Whistle)來辨識不同個體進行社交活動。鯨豚類的海上調查常受限於氣候與沿海較淺水深地形，為了彌補目視觀察的不足，本文利用聲納浮標(Sonobuoy)聲學系統量測中華白海豚的哨叫聲，觀察白海豚出沒時間與空間分佈，以及分析當地海洋環境噪音。於2010年7-8月在大肚溪口南岸進行三次實驗，分別佈放不同水深和離岸位置的聲納浮標系統，以了解水深差異之效應，統計聲納浮標所錄到的哨叫聲秒數後發現：平均每小時發現哨叫聲的機率約在40%以上，白海豚主要出沒時間為早上6點到中午12點，以及下午4點到午夜12點。白海豚的活動範圍：在水深13公尺以下(最常於5公尺處活動)、離岸距離4.4公里以內，此活動模式推測為白海豚此的覓食行為。潮汐差異分析：由三次實驗觀察出白海豚在不同離岸距離，有不盡相同的潮汐活動的喜好，但白海豚哨叫聲的統計，從滿潮退潮到乾潮的時候居多。白海豚棲息地的環境噪音分析：夜間環境噪音比日間環境噪音還吵雜，推測為夜間的漁業活動頻繁與魚類聲音所致，遠岸的環境噪音又比近岸環境噪音還要高，原因是漁船作業多是離岸較遠處。此外高雄港船舶噪音實驗當中，發現行駛間的動力小艇比漁船所產生的噪音，對白海豚哨叫聲頻帶3-6 kHz可能遮蔽機率較高，但噪音對中華白海豚的活動影響程度，目前尚無法得知。本研究證明可利用水下聲學量測方式，作為日後建立長期的中華白海豚研究之參考依據。

Cetaceans is a kind of marine mammals that lives by sound, which uses high-frequency echolocation click to probe the environment, as well as uses low-frequency whistle to identify different individuals for social activities. However cetacean surveys are often limited by climate and depth of the coastal water , in order to compensate for the shortage of visual observation, this study used sonobuoy acoustic system to measure the whistle of Chinese White Dolphins, to observe its appearance in time and spatial distribution, and analyze the local ocean ambient noise. Three experiments were conducted at southern end of river mouth of Tadu River in July-August 2010, sonobuoys were deployed at different depth and distance from shore. Statistics of recorded whistles show 40% of appearance every hour, the main appearance time of white dolphins were 06:00~12:00 and 16:00~24:00. The activity range of white dolphins is 13m of depth (most frequently at 5m) and within 4.4km offshore. The foraging behavior of white dolphins was inferred by means of this activity model. In terms of tidal variance, white dolphins had different preferences for tidal activities according to the distances from shore observed from the three experiments, but their whistles centered from ebb to dry tide. For the ambient noise analysis of the habitat of white dolphins, the nighttime ambient noise was noisier than the daytime, which was probably caused by frequent night fishing and fish sounds. In addition, the far-shore ambient noise was noisier than the near-shore since most of fishing operations were far away from shore. Furthermore, it was found in the ship noise experiment conducted in the Kaohsiung Harbor that the noise generated by out board boats tended to shadow the whistles of white dolphins, approximately at 3-6 kHz, more likely than the noise generated by fishing boats. Nevertheless, the influence of noise on the activities of Chinese white dolphins is still uncertain so far. It was proved in this study that underwater acoustical measurements can be employed to establish references for future long-term research on Chinese white dolphin.

摘要......................................................................................i
Abstract..................................................................................ii
目錄......................................................................................iii
表目錄....................................................................................vi
圖目錄....................................................................................vii
第一章 緒論...............................................................................1
1.1 研究動機..............................................................................1
1.2中華白海豚.............................................................................2
1.3海豚的發聲機制.........................................................................4
1.4 環境噪音對中華白海豚的影響............................................................7
1.5 研究目的..............................................................................10
1.6 本文架構..............................................................................10
第二章 實驗架構與方法.....................................................................11
2.1實驗描述...............................................................................11
2.2實驗儀器...............................................................................12
2.3儀器佈放...............................................................................14
2.4實驗步驟與分析方法.....................................................................14
2.5系統校正...............................................................................17
第三章 研究方法...........................................................................20
3.1 資料統計分析..........................................................................20
3.1.1長條圖...............................................................................20
3.1.2 相關統計量..........................................................................21
3.2聲音訊號處理...........................................................................23
3.2.1 取樣定理............................................................................23
3.2.2離散傅立葉轉換.......................................................................23
3.2.3噪音位準.............................................................................25
第四章 結果與討論.........................................................................26
4.1中華白海豚出沒時間與環境空間分析.......................................................26
4.1.1哨叫聲之時間變動.....................................................................26
4.1.2哨叫聲之潮汐變化.....................................................................29
4.1.3 哨叫聲之水深分佈....................................................................31
4.1.4 哨叫聲之離岸距離分佈................................................................34
4.2環境噪音分析...........................................................................37
4.2.1 各頻率之分析…......................................................................37
4.2.2各頻率環境噪音之變動.................................................................42
4.3環境噪音對中華白海豚的影響.............................................................52
4.3.1遠中近岸的環境噪音分析...............................................................52
4.3.2白海豚哨叫聲與覓食關係...............................................................56
4.3.3船舶噪音對中華白海豚的影響...........................................................60
第五章.結論與建議.........................................................................65
5.1結論..................................................................................65
5.1.1白海豚生存空間.......................................................................65
5.1.2白海豚棲息地環境噪音.................................................................66
5.2 未來建議..............................................................................67

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