本研究主要分析高雄市區表層土壤樣品中全氟化合物濃度，觀察乾濕兩季對於此化合物影響，並了解在不同深度土壤中分布情形與特性。
研究結果顯示，高雄市區土壤總全氟化合物濃度，在濕季介於0.58 - 3.24 ng/g，在乾季則介於nd. - 2.54 ng/g；其中，濕季含量最高為旗津污水處理廠旁之W4測站，乾季則為勞工公園之C8測站含量最高；以類型區分，在學校、公園、醫院、交通、工業類型中，不論乾濕季，皆以學校類型平均含量最高，推測與建築物塗層、阻燃劑、PU跑道及含水消防泡沫有關。在時間分布方面，濕季濃度普遍高於乾季，可能空氣中含有全氟化合物之灰塵及道路之街塵，經過雨水沖刷至土壤，而使得溼季土壤濃度較高。不同深度土壤中，短鏈之全氟羧酸(Perfluoroalkyl carboxylates, PFCAs)有向下遷移趨勢，而長鏈及較易吸附於固體之全氟磺酸 (Perfluoroalkyl sulfonate, PFASs)濃度沒有向下移動的趨勢。
本研究全氟化合物濃度與全球大部分文獻比較皆在相似範圍內，但明顯低於美國環境保護署(US EPA)的土壤參考值(Soil Reference Values, SRVs) (全氟辛烷磺酸(Perfluorooctyl sulfonate, PFOS)：6000 ng/g；全氟辛酸(Perfluorooctanoic acid , PFOA)：16000 ng/g)。
由來源分析之結果顯示，全氟化合物可依全氟烴基磺酸(perfluorinated sulfonate acids, PFASs)與全氟羧酸(perfluorinated carboxylic acids, PFCAs)成分組成比例與特性，將本研究測站區分為兩類，其中以PFASs之組成比例較高者，推測是受正在施工建築之影響，而相對PFCAs之組成比例較高者，則可能是受到交通來源，如煞車、輪胎碎片、汽車零件等。

The spatial distribution and seasonal variation of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in the soil of the urban district of Kaohsiung were studied to investigate the possible source and characteristics. PFCs concentration distributions in different depth of soil were also analyzed to understand the transport behaviors in the environment.
The total concentration of PFCs in Kaohsiung soil ranged from 0.58 to 3.24 ng/g dry weight in the wet season and from ND to 2.54 ng/g dry weight in the dry season. The highest PFCs concentration was observed at W4 around the Central District Sewage Treatment Plant in the wet season; while the highest PFCs concentration in the dry season was found at the Labor park where is the C8 station. Compared with other types of stations such as parks, hospitals, traffic and industrial area, regardless of wet and dry season, relatively high concentrations in school was observed, whose sources could be related to building coatings, fire retardants, PU runway and aqueous fire fighting foam.
The soil PFCs concentration is generally higher in the wet season than dry season. The rain may wash out atmospheric particulate and street dust, containing PFCs, and cause the higher soil concentrations in the wet season. Regarding PFCs concentration distributions in different depths of soil, the short-chain perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) exhibited downward movement. This downward movement was not observed in perfluorinated sulfonate acids (PFASs), which have higher adsorption capacity on solids and longer chain than PFCAs.
The concentration of PFCs in this study was similar to the most of other studies in the world; while compared with the soil reference values of the US Environmental Protection Agency (Perfluorooctyl sulfonate (PFOS) : 6000 ng/g; Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) : 16000 ng/g), results of this study were much lower.
Results of the source analysis indicate that the PCFs compositional pattern can differentiate the sampling stations into two groups: one with higher composition in PFASs which might be impacted by the building’s construction; while the other with higher composition in PFCAs which might be related to traffic sources, such as brakes, tire chips, auto parts etc.

目錄
審定書 i
致謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 vi
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 xi
附錄目錄 xii
第一章、 前言 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
第二章、 文獻回顧 3
2.1 全氟化合物之特性 3
2.2 環境中的全氟化合物 7
2.3 全氟化合物對人體的毒性影響 11
2.4 全氟化合物於各國之相關規定 12
2.5 土壤中的全氟化合物 13
第三章、 實驗方法及步驟 15
3.1 實驗材料與儀器 15
3.1.1 材料 15
3.1.2 儀器設備 16
3.2 試藥及器材前處理 17
3.3 採樣時間及地點 17
3.4 樣品前處理 17
3.5 分析方法 20
3.5.1 粒徑分析 20
3.5.2 總有機碳(TOC)分析 20
3.5.3 全氟化合物分析 20
3.6 品管及品保 24
3.6.1 方法回收率 24
3.6.2 實驗空白分析 24
3.6.3 方法偵測極限 24
3.7 主成分分析法(Principal Component Analysis, PCA) 27
3.8 階層群集分析法(Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, HCA ) 27
3.9 大氣逆軌跡模式 28
第四章、 結果與討論 29
4.1 濃度含量分布 29
4.1.1 表層土壤中全氟化合物(PFCs)含量分布 29
4.1.2 表層土壤中全氟化合物之空間分布 31
4.1.3 表層土壤中全氟化合物之時間分布 34
4.1.4 表層土壤中全氟化合物含量與組成 36
4.1.5 不同深度土壤之全氟化合物含量分布 41
4.2 與國外文獻比較 47
4.3 相關性分析 52
4.4 階層群集分析(Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, HCA ) 56
4.5 主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis, PCA) 65
第五章、 結論與建議 68
5.1 結論 68
5.2 建議 69
參考文獻 70
附錄 79

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