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博碩士論文 etd-0619118-103559 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0619118-103559
論文名稱
Title
膨脹型防火塗料之實驗測試與實驗平台之熱分析
Experimental tests of intumescent fire-retardant coating and thermal analysis of test platforms
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
114
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2018-07-09
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2018-07-19
關鍵字
Keywords
小尺度實驗測試、計算流體力學、膨脹型防火塗料、防火安全
intumescent coating, fire safety, CFD, bench-scale test
統計
Statistics
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中文摘要
將膨脹型塗料應用在基材上是作為被動防火的有效方法。為了更好地了解塗料性能,本研究建立了兩個不同的實驗室規模測試,以研究對流和輻射熱通量對塗層的影響,還開發了相應的數值模型來獲得測試中難以測量的熱流場。結合數值模型的實驗可以進一步了解實際火災情況下的塗層性能。
將兩種不同的熱源(輻射和對流)分別施加到由膨脹型塗料覆蓋100mm×100mm的基材上,輻射和對流熱通量分別由熱板和燃燒器提供30分鐘以及20分鐘並使用攝影機記錄塗層的變化,同時測量塗層和基材的溫度以及基材背面的熱通量,因此,可以觀察並分析測量結果對不同類型熱源塗層的變化。結果顯示輻射熱源和對流熱源之間的塗層性能非常不同。加熱過程中的氣體流場很難量測,因此,使用相應的三維模型來分析氣體流場和塗層表面上的熱效應。研究發現,本文所使用輻射平台中的塗層表面對流熱損失很小,大約只佔了6%,可以忽視。此外,在對流熱通量測試中,燃燒器不能提供均勻的對流熱通量,因此模型結果可以幫助理解施加在塗層表面上的對流熱通量的分佈。故數值模型在分析本研究中的小規模試驗中的缺陷方面起著重要作用。
使用實驗室規模測試,塗層性能可以很容易地獲得和分析,因此,在進行大規模測試之前,可以更好地確定在受保護的樣品上進行塗層的實施,這可以幫助減少時間和金錢成本。此外小尺度試驗可以更好地了解加熱過程中的塗層變化,因此可用於檢查新塗層配方的性能。
Abstract
Applying an intumescent fire-retardant coating to a substrate is an effective and passive method for fire protection. To better understand the coating performance, two different laboratory-scale tests were established in this study to investigate the effects of convective and radiative fluxes on the coating. In addition, the corresponding numerical models were also developed to obtain the thermal flow fields, which are difficult to measure, in the tests. Experiments combined with numerical models can further understand the coating performance in actual fire conditions.
Two different heat sources (radiation and convection) were individually applied to a 100 mm x 100 mm substrate covered by intumescent coating. The radiative and conductive heat fluxes were respectively provided by a hot plate and a burner for 30 and 20 minutes. The thermal response of coating were recorded by using a camera. In addition, the temperatures of the coating and the substrate, and the heat flux at the back side of substrate were also measured. Therefore, the coating response for different types of heat source can be observed and analyzed from the measurements. Very different coating performances were found between the radiative heat source and convective heat source. Because it is difficult to measure the gas flow fields from the experiments, the corresponding three-dimensional models were used to analyze the gas flow fields and the thermal effects on the coating surface. It is found that, in the test of radiative heat flux, the convective heat loss on the coating surface is about 4% and can be ignored. Moreover, in the test of convective heat flux, the burner cannot provide a uniform convective heat flux, therefore, the model results can help understand the distribution of convective heat flux applied on the coating surface. Therefore, the numerical models take an important role on analyzing the defects in bench-scale tests in this study.
Using bench-scale tests, the coating performance can be easily obtained and analyzed, so the implement of coating on a protected sample can be better determined before a large-scale test, which can help reduce the costs of time and money. In addition, the bench-scale tests can give a better understanding of coating in the heating process, so they can be used to examine the performance of new coating formula.
目次 Table of Contents
論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 vi
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 xiii
符號說明 xiv
第1章、 序論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 文獻回顧 3
1.2.1 塗料傳熱的過程 3
1.2.2 塗料的成分化學反應機制 3
1.2.3 膨脹塗料的量測 4
1.2.4 膨脹塗料的模擬 4
1.3 研究目的 6
1.4 本文架構 7
第2章、 數值模型 8
2.1 輻射加熱模型 8
2.1.1 模型介紹 8
2.1.2 基本假設 10
2.1.3 數值方法 13
2.2 對流加熱模型 14
2.2.1 模型介紹 14
2.2.2 基本假設 15
2.2.3 數值方法 16
第3章、 實驗設備與方法 17
3.1 輻射加熱實驗 17
3.1.1 輻射加熱模型 17
3.1.2 實驗量測步驟 18
3.2 對流加熱實驗 20
3.2.1 對流加熱模型 20
3.2.2 實驗量測步驟 22
第4章、 結果與討論 24
4.1 輻射加熱模擬結果 24
4.1.1 基材溫度與表面熱通量關係 24
4.1.2 基材表面熱通量分布 25
4.1.3 流場分布情形 27
4.2 輻射加熱實驗結果 29
4.2.1 熱源距離與熱通量的關係 29
4.2.2 塗層厚度0.3mm實驗結果 30
4.2.3 塗層厚度0.5mm實驗結果 32
4.2.4 塗層厚度1mm實驗結果 34
4.3 對流加熱模擬結果 36
4.3.1 基材溫度與表面熱通量關係 36
4.3.2 基材表面熱通量分布 37
4.3.3 流場分布情形 39
4.4 對流加熱實驗結果 42
4.4.1 重現性分析 42
4.4.2 水平角度(45°)實驗結果 44
4.4.3 水平角度(60°)實驗結果 45
4.4.4 水平角度(90°)實驗結果 46
4.4.5 垂直角度(-45°)實驗結果 47
第5章、 結論與未來展望 48
5.1 結論 48
5.2 未來展望 49
參考文獻 50
附錄 52
輻射加熱實驗(說明): 52
Radiation Data Sheet (0.3mm): 53
Radiation Data Sheet (0.5mm): 59
Radiation Data Sheet (1mm): 65
對流加熱實驗(說明): 71
Convection Data Sheet (FH45): 72
Convection Data Sheet (FH60): 78
Convection Data Sheet (FH90): 84
Convection Data Sheet (FV-45):92
參考文獻 References
[1] H. L. Vandersall: “Intumescent Coating Systems, Their Development and Chemistry,” Journal of Fire and Flammability, Vol. 2, p. 97-140 (April 1971).
[2] Underwriters Laboratories Inc., (2003), UL Standard for Safety for Fire Tests of Building and Construction Materials, UL 263 (13th edition).
[3] M. Jimenez, S. Duquesne and S. Bourbigot, “Intumescent fire protective coating: Toward a better understanding of their mechanism of action”, Thermochimica Acta 449, 2006 16-26.
[4] G. Gamino, L. Costa and M. P. Luda di Cortemiglia “Overview of Fire Retardant Mechanisms”, Polymer Degradation and Stability 33, 1991 131-154.
[5] J. Gu, G. Zhang, S. Dong, Q. Zhang and J. Kong, “Study on preparation and fire-retardant mechanism analysis of intumescent flame-retardant coating” Surface & Coatings Technology 201 7835-7841, 2007.
[6] C. E. Anderson Jr., J. Dziuk Jr., W.A. Mallow, and J. Buckmaster, "Intumescent Reaction Mechanisms," Journal of Fire Sciences, Vol. 3, pp. 161-194, 1985.
[7] A. Chaboki, M.J. Kneer, M.E. Schneider and J.H. Koo, "Experimental and Numerical Results for Thermophysical Properties and Thermal Response of a Fire-Retardant Polymer," ASME, HTD V. 170, Experimental/Numerical Heat Transfer in Combustion and Phase Change, pp. 1-9, 1991.
[8] Y.C. Shih, F.B. Cheung and J.H. Koo, “Theoretical Modeling of Intumescent Fire-Retardant Materials” Journal of Fire Science Vol.16 1998.
[9] Z.S. Fry, “A Laboratory Scale Study of Intumescent Coatings for Protection of Building Structure Members from Fires” submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science, Case Western Reserve University, 2014.
[10] F. Zhang, J. Zhang, Y. Wang, “Modeling Study on The Combustion of Intumescent Fire-Retardant Polypropylene”, Express Polymer Letters Vol.1, No.3 (2007) pp. 157-165.
[11] S. Duquesne, S. Magnet, C. Jama and R. Delobel, “Intumescent paints: fire protective coatings for metallic substrates” Surface & Coatings Technology 180-181 302-307, 2004.
[12] M. Keyhani and V. Krishnan, "Thermal Response of a Decomposing Polymer," ASME HTD-Vol. 240. Heat Transfer in Porous Media, pp. 35-41, 1993.
[13] J.B. Henderson and T.E. Wiecek, "A Mathematical Model to Predict the Thermal Response of Decomposing, Expanding Polymer Composites," Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 21, pp. 373-393, 1987.
[14] J. Buckmaster, C. Anderson Jr and A. Nachman, “A Model for Intumescent Paints” Inl. J Engng. Sci. Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 263-276, 1986.
[15] K.M. Butler, H.R. Baum and T. Kashiwagi, “Three-dimensional modeling of intumescent behavior in fires,” Fire Safety Science 5 (1997): 523-534.
[16] L. Mesquita, P. Piloto, M. Vaz, Experimental study of intumescent fire protection coatings, Fire Retardant Coatings II, Berlin, Germany 2007
[17] M. Gillet, L. Autrique and L. Perez, “Mathematical model for intumescent coating growth: Application to fire retardant systems evaluation” Institute of Physics Publish, 2007 883-899.
[18] C.E. Anderson JR. and D.K. Wauters, “A Thermodynamic Heat Transfer Model for Intumescent Systems” Inf. J. Engng Sri. Vol. 22, No. 7, PP. 881-889. 1984.
[19] ANSYS FLUENT 16, Theory Guide.
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