從1970年代以來，許多報告指出，全世界過敏疾病的盛行率持續在增加，而台灣地區過敏疾病的盛行率也愈來愈高。根據台大謝貴雄教授曾在台北市做過四次大規模調查，就問卷方式，以7-15歲的學童為對象，結果發現台北市學童氣喘病盛行率在1974年為1.30%，1985年為5.08%，1991年為5.80%，至1994年已高達10.79%，在20年間增加八倍之多；過敏性鼻炎盛行率在1985年為7.84%，1991年為20.67%，至1994年也高達33.53%，在10年間也增加四倍之多；而異位性皮膚炎和蕁麻疹的盛行率也有類似逐年增高的趨勢。台灣中部及南部地區學童的過敏疾病盛行率，雖然較北部為低，但逐年增加的趨勢則是一致的，而台灣東部地區學童的過敏疾病盛行率，迄今並無大規模的研究調查發表。本研究主要是調查台灣東部地區學童過敏疾病發生情形，並加以分析東部地區過敏病患常見的吸入性及食入性過敏原，以瞭解東部學童過敏疾病的盛行率，及東部地區過敏病患常見的過敏原。
針對花蓮縣玉里鎮全鎮12所國小，共有2058位學童，進行過敏疾病問卷調查，總共回收1816份有效問卷，分析1816份有效問卷結果發現688位學童已有過敏症狀，過敏疾病總盛行率為37.89%，各過敏疾病的發生率分別是：氣喘151位(8.87%)；過敏性鼻炎448位(24.67%)；異位性皮膚炎70位(3.85%)；蕁麻疹65位(3.58%)。另外也針對已有過敏症狀的學童，進行追蹤並抽血檢驗，進一步分析其過敏原。總共有623位過敏病童接受抽血檢驗過敏原，結果發現常見的吸入性過敏原為：屋塵蟎(D.p) 87.7%；熱帶無爪蟎(B.t) 83.9%；德國蟑螂(B. germanica) 35.0%；狗毛16.0%；貓毛7.5%；白色念珠菌(C. albicans) 8.0%；狗牙根草11.2%；常見的食物過敏原為：牛奶26.6%；蛋白14.3%；蝦子38.6%；螃蟹33.1%；花生6.7%；鱈魚6.1%；小麥5.4%；大豆4.7%。
本研究結果顯示東部學童過敏疾病盛行率較西部低，而東部花蓮玉里學童與西部學童的居住環境與生活型態不同，是導致東部學童過敏疾病盛行率較西部低的可能原因。分析比較東部與西部常見的過敏原，我們建議對於東部地區過敏病患的過敏原檢測一定要考慮熱帶無爪蟎。

The prevalence of childhood allergic diseases has been increasing in Taiwan. In Taipei area, according to the surveillance of Hsieh KH, the prevalence rate of childhood asthma increased from 1.3% in 1974 to 10.79% in 1994. The other allergic diseases, such as allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis and urticaria , have been also increasing in Taipei, Taichung and Tainan city by a serious studies in Western Taiwan. There is no any report of childhood allergic diseases in Eastern Taiwan till now. So, we want to analyze the prevalence of childhood allergic diseases and the common allergens in Eastern Taiwan.
From Nov. 2002 to Oct. 2004, all of the primary school children in Yu-Li town in Hualien county were included in this study. (total 2058 children of 12 school). All of them were surveyed with pediatric allergic diseases questionnaire (asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis and urticaria). After the survey, the suspected allergic cases were analyzed for their hypersensitivity to the common allergens by allergen screening test and specific IgE exam of Pharmacia CAP system.
1816 children completed the questionnaire (completive rate 88.24%) and 688 (37.88%) children were suspected to have allergic diseases. 151 (8.87%) asthma；448 (24.67%) allergic rhinitis；70 (3.85%) atopic dermatitis；65 (3.58%) urticaria. A total of 623 suspected allergic cases were analyzed for their hypersensitivity to the common allergens. The common allergens were also analyzed. 87.7% allergic to D. pteronyssinus (Dp) ; 83.9% Blomia tropicalis (Bt) ; 35.0% German cockroach; 16.0% Dog dander; 7.5% Cat dander; 8.0% Candida albicans; 11.2% Bermuda grass; 38.6% shrimp; 33.1% crab; 26.6% milk; 14.3% egg white; 6.7% peanuts; 6.1% Cod fish; 5.4% Wheat; 4.7% Soya bean.
The prevalence of childhood allergic diseases in Eastern Taiwan is lower than Western Taiwan. The different envelopment and living type may be the major reasons. From this study, we also suggest that Blomia tropicalis (Bt) should be included in the common aeroallergy analysis in Eastern Taiwan.

目錄
中文摘要 ••••••••••••••••••••••••• vi
英文摘要 ••••••••••••••••••••••••• vii
英文縮寫表•••••••••••••••••••••••• viii
表目錄•••••••••••••••••••••••••• ix
圖目錄•••••••••••••••••••••••••• x
第一章 緖論 ••••••••••••••••••••••• 1
1-1 研究背景 ••••••••••••••••••• 1
1-2 研究目地 ••••••••••••••••••• 3
第二章 文獻探討 ••••••••••••••••••••• 4
2-1 過敏病的定義 ••••••••••••••••• 4
2-2 過敏疾病的致病機轉 •••••••••••••• 4
2-3 過敏疾病演變過程 ••••••••••••••• 6
2-4 常見的過敏疾病及其症狀 •••••••••••• 7
2-5 過敏疾病的診斷 •••••••••••••••• 9
2-6常見的過敏原 ••••••••••••••••• 10
2-7 過敏原測試 •••••••••••••••••• 12
2-8 花蓮縣玉里鎮基本資料 ••••••••••••• 13

第三章 材料與方法 •••••••••••••••••••• 14
3-1 盛行率調查 •••••••••••••••••• 14
3-2 過敏原之測定與分析 •••••••••••••• 15
第四章 結果 ••••••••••••••••••••••• 17
4-1 盛行率調查結果 •••••••••••••••• 17
4-2 過敏原研究分析結果 •••••••••••••• 19
第五章 討論 •••••••••••••••••••••• 20
第六章 結論 •••••••••••••••••••••• 32
參考文獻 ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 33
附表 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 38
附圖 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 41
附錄 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 43
附錄一 問卷內容 •••••••••••••••••••• 43
附錄二 評估結果正常通知單 ••••••••••••••• 47
附錄三 評估結果異常通知單 ••••••••••••••• 48

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