在本次研究中，主要為設計適用於金屬導體表面之射頻辨識系統的標籤天線。我們首先探討金屬導體對天線性能有如何的影響，進而針對金屬效應影響的關鍵點，提出降低金屬效應的解決方式。
為了符合射頻辨識系統的IC晶片使用與達到降低金屬導體效應的結果，我們以具有差模型式的偶極天線結構作為設計標籤天線的基礎，同時搭配擁有磁導體特性的高阻抗表面週期性結構加入標籤天線的設計，使的此新型式的標籤天線無論是貼附於紙箱或金屬導體時，標籤天線皆可以正常工作，最後藉由實際製作標籤天線與測量其性能，進一步驗證標籤天線設計之可能。

In this study, we design and fabricate novel tag antennas, which can be used on the metallic surface for radio frequency identification systems. We first focus on the effects when the antenna is placed on the metallic surface. Based on the simulation results, we investigate how the parameters of the antennas are affected. The helps us find solutions to reduce the effects when the antennas are placed on the metallic surface.
In order to conform to the IC chips of RFID and reduce the influence of metal objects, we use the structure of the dipole antenna is used as the basis of the novel tag antenna design. And we employ the high impedance surface periodic structure which behaves similarly to a perfect magnetic conductor in the design of the novel tag antenna. The novel tag antenna is able to work normally when it was attached on the surface of the carton or metallic object. Finally, the tag antenna is fabricated and measured in a chamber. The measured results agree with simulated ones well.

目 錄

致謝 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Ⅰ
中文摘要 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Ⅲ
英文摘要 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Ⅳ
目錄 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Ⅴ
圖表目錄 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥Ⅵ
第一章 序論 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1
1.1 研究動機 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1
1.2 論文大綱 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3
1.3 研究方法 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3
第二章 射頻辨識系統之工作原理 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4
2.1 射頻辨識系統之工作原理 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4
2.2 射頻辨識系統之設備元件 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6
第三章 金屬導體對天線之影響 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8
3.1 偶極天線在自由空間與接近金屬導體之比較 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8
3.2 平面型天線在自由空間與接近金屬導體之比較 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥14
3.3金屬導體對天線之影響之總結 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥19
第四章 高阻抗表面結構 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥20
4.1 電磁帶隙的起源 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥21
4.2高阻抗表面之原理與應用 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥22
4.3高阻抗表面之模擬與參數影響 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥24
4.4 高阻抗表面之反射相位之修正 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥29
4.5 UHF頻帶高阻抗結構之設計與模擬 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥30
第五章 UHF頻帶標籤天線之設計 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥31
5.1 高阻抗表面對偶極天線之影響 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥32
5.2 UHF頻帶標籤天線之設計與模擬 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥37
5.3 標籤天線的實作與性能量測 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥45
5.4 標籤天線之縮小化改良設計與模擬 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥47
5.5 縮小化標籤天線之實作與性能測量 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥52
5.6 UHF頻帶標籤天線之設計之總結 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥54
第六章 結論 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥57
參考文獻 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥58

[1] E. Yablonovitch, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2059, 1987.
[2] E. Yablonovitch, ” photonic band-gap structures” J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, Opt. Phys., vol.10, pp.283-295, Feb.1993.
[3] D. Sievenpiper, “High-impedance electromagnetic surfaces,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Univ. California at Los Angeles, Los-Angeles, CA, 1999.
[4] M. Sigalas, C. Chan, K.-M. Ho, and C. Soukoulis, “Metallic photonic band-gap materials,” Phys. Rev. B, Condens. Matter, vol. 52, pp. 11744-11751,1995.
[5] D. Sievenpiper; Lijun Zhang; R. F. J. Broas; N. G. Alexopolous; E. Yablonovitch, “High-impedance electromagnetic surfaces with a forbidden frequency band,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. Vol.47 , Issue: 11, pp. 2059 – 2074 , Nov. 1.
[6] G. H. Zhang, Y. Q. Fu, C. Zhu, D. B. Yan, and N. D. Yuan, “A circular
waveguide antenna using high-impedance ground plane,” IEEE Antenna and
Wireless Propagation Lett., vol. 2, pp. 86-88, 2003.
[7] J. Bornemann, “High performance front end GPS module,” p.2. ( http://www.engr.uvic.ca/~atennent/final.pdf )
[8] G. H. Zhang, Y. Q. Fu, C. Zhu, D. B. Yan and N. C. Yuan, “A circular waveguide antenna using high-impedance ground plane,” IEEE antennas and wireless propagation Lett., vol. 2, pp. 86-88, 2003.
[9] F. Yang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Reflection phase Characterizations of An Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) Surface,” IEEE AP-S., vol. 3, pp. 744-747, Jun. 2002.
[10] U. S. Inan and A.S. Inan, Engineering Electromagnetics, Addison-Wesley, pp. 720-725,1999.
[11] D. J. Kern, D. H. Werner, A. Monorchio, L. Lanuzza and M.J. Wilhelm, “The design synthesis of multi-band artificial magnetic conductors using high impedance frequency selective surfaces,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 53, pp. 8-17, Jan. 2005.
[12] D. J. Kern, M. J. Wilhelm, D. H. Werner and P. L. Werner, “A novel design technique for ultra-thin tunable EBG AMC surfaces,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 2, pp. 1167-1170 Jun. 2004.
[13] A. P. Feresidis, G. Goussetis, S.Wang, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, “Artificial magnetic conductor surfaces and their application to low profile high gain planar antennas,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 53, pp. 209–215, Jan. 2005.
[14] F. Yang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “A curl antennas over electromagnetic band-gap
surface: a low profiled design for CP applications,” IEEE AP-S., vol. 3, pp. 372-375, July 2001.
[15] F. Yang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Reflection phase Characterizations of the EBG
ground plane for low profile wire antenna applications,” IEEE AP-S., vol. 1,
pp. 2691-2703, Oct. 2003.
[16] P. Raumonen, M. Keskilammi, L. Sydanheimo, and M. Kivikoski, “A very low profile CP EBG antenna for RFID reader,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 4, pp. 3808-3811, Jun. 2004.
[17] John D. Kraus and Ronald j. Marthefka, Antenna For All Applications,
pp. 214-215, 2001.
[18] L. Ukkonen, L. Sydaanheimo and M. Kivikoski, “Patch antenna with EBG ground plane and two-layer substrate for passive RFID of metallic objects, “ IEEE AP-S. Vol.1, pp. 93-96, Jun. 2004.
[19] L. Ukkonen, L. Sydaanheimo and M. Kivikoski, “Planar wire-type inverted RFID tag antenna mountable on metallic objects,“ IEEE AP-S. Vol. 1, pp. 101-104, Jun. 2004.
[20] D.C. Ranasinghe, D.M. Hall, P.H. Cole and D.W. Engels, “An embedded UHF RFID label antenna for tagging metallic objects,” IEEE AP-S., pp. 343-347, Dec. 2004.