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博碩士論文 etd-0620109-165325 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0620109-165325
論文名稱
Title
內生化信用風險模型:回復率、違約機率與景氣狀況
Endogenous credit risk model:the recovery rate, the probability of default,and the cyclicality
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
111
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2009-06-05
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2009-06-20
關鍵字
Keywords
回復率、違約機率、門檻迴歸、分量迴歸
quantile regression model, threshold regression model, recovery rate, probability of default
統計
Statistics
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The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5753 times, has been downloaded 2139 times.
中文摘要
信用風險探討的議題眾多,不論國內與國外相關研究皆力求能以一個最適合且最佳的模型,以觀察不同類型產業或企業的信用風險狀況,不論結構式模型與縮減式模型皆各有利弊,結構式模型在應用上,須逐筆收集或估算企業的公司價值與資產波動度的詳細資料,在實際應用上有其困難度,其中Moody’s公司建立的KMV模型最為廣泛使用,但此模型忽略回復率以及不同財務結構及產業類型的差異,而多數縮減式模型將違約機率視為「外生決定」,顯然未能與所實行之巴賽爾資本協定中,期待銀行能「內生」信用風險資訊的精神「完全匹配」,且由於違約機率以及回復率彼此之間相互影響信用風險評估的重要因素下,應力求內生決定此兩因素為當前重要模型建立方向。
因此,本研究以Moody’s KMV模型、Lu and Kuo (2005)模型與Altman et al. (2005)模型為基礎,Moody’s KMV模型方面,輔以門檻迴歸法與分量迴歸法之比較,對違約點的定義做新的詮釋,找出是否存在結構性轉折,並檢驗在利用門檻迴歸與分量迴歸的模型之下,新的違約點定義是否相較於原始 Moody’s KMV 模型定義更有鑑別能力,以此修正後的違約點定義與Lu and Kuo (2005)的模型,得到一內含回復率與違約機率的估計式。
Altman et al. (2005) 模型方面,由於本研究在於探求個別公司債的違約機率與回復率,因此就Altman et al.( 2005)所採用之迴歸式中的「加權平均」回復率與「加權平均」違約機率修改成個別公司的回復率與違約機率,輔以門檻迴歸法與分量迴歸法,找出變數在高或低水準之下對因變數可能有不同的影響效果,以此修正後的Altman et al. (2005)模型與修正後的Moody’s KMV 模型的違約點定義為另一內含回復率與違約機率的估計式。
本研究預期將可逐筆聯合估計公司債違約機率與回復率,解決目前多數模型無法同時考慮違約機率與回復率互為內生之問題,更可以為金融機構在評估借款者的信用以及可能違約可能情況下,衡量所應承受的損失進而要求更為嚴謹的擔保品價值以降低可能的損失。也可衍生此模型與景氣循環效果結合,進一步探討景氣循環、違約機率以及回復率三者之間的內生關係。
Abstract
Several reports research the best prediction power of the credit risk models for different industries. The structural models use firm’s information for firms’ structural variables, such as asset value and asset volatility, to determine the time of default, but it suffer from some drawbacks, which represent the main reasons behind their relatively poor empirical performance. It require estimates for the parameters of the firm’s asset value, which is nonobservable. Moody's KMV model is well known and useful among them, but it ignores recovery rate and difference in financial structure and industry. The reduced-form models fundamentally differ from typical structural models in the degree of predictability of the default. Reduced-form models use market data and assume the probability of default is exogenously generated. However, the basel committee for banking supervision proposed that risk is endogenous.
The purpose of this paper is using quantile and threshold regression to introduce a new approach which is based on the Moody’s KMV model, the Lu and Kuo ( 2005) and the Altman, Brooks Brady, Resti and Sironi (2005) to the evaluation of the endogenous probability of default and the endogenous recovery rate.
目次 Table of Contents
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機背景 1
第二節 研究目的 6
第三節 研究架構流程 8
第二章 相關理論與文獻探討 10
第一節 回復率 10
第二節 違約定義與違約日期 11
第三節 信用風險 12
第四節 信用風險模型 13
第五節 Moody’s KMV 信用風險評估模型介紹 (結構式) 23
第六節 門檻迴歸模型介紹 26
第七節 分量迴歸模型介紹 27
第八節 為何使用門檻迴歸模型、分量迴歸模型、公司特性變數來檢定違約點 28
第玖節 Altman et al.( 2005)模型介紹 33
第十節 Lu and Kuo( 2005)信用風險評估模型 34
第三章 研究方法與模型架構 36
第一節 研究步驟與方法 36
第二節 運用 Moody’s KMV 模型計算公司資產價值與其波動性 36
第三節 Moody’s KMV 模型以門檻迴歸模型修正之介紹 39
第四節 牛頓法之介紹 42
第五節 門檻迴歸模型推導與應用 43
第六節 分量迴歸模型推導與應用 45
第七節 Altman et al.( 2005)回復率與違約機率模型並修正之介紹 48
第八節 Lu and Kuo( 2005)回復率與違約機率之多期模型之介紹 49
第九節 修正後之Moody’s KMV模型、Lu and Kuo( 2005)模型與修正之Altman et al.( 2005)聯立求解回復率與違約機率之介紹 53
第四章 實證結果與分析 55
第一節 資料收集與樣本來源 55
第二節 財務變數說明 55
第三節 Moody’s KMV 模型之門檻迴歸實證分析與結果 60
第四節 Moody’s KMV 模型之分量迴歸實證分析與結果 63
第五節 Altman模型實證分析與結果--違約機率以門檻迴歸模型修正 66
第六節 Altman模型實證分析與結果--違約機率以分量迴歸模型修正 69
第七節 Lu and Kuo( 2005)模型與內生求解之回復率實證分析與結果 71
(一) Lu and Kuo( 2005)模型之回復率實證分析與結果--內含Moody’s KMV 模型以門檻迴歸以及分量迴歸模型修正 71
(二) 以聯立求解模型之回復率實證分析與結果—內含Lu and Kuo( 2005)模型與Altman模型 73
(三) Lu and Kuo( 2005)模型與聯立求解模型之回復率敘述統計與異同檢定 74
第八節 模型預測力之準確性與效率性--原始Moody’s KMV模型、修正後 Moody’s KMV 模型與修正後的內生求解模型 75
(一) ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve;ROC曲線) 76
(二) CAP (Cumulative Accuracy Profiles;CAP 曲線) 77
(三)違約機率預測力之準確性與效率性--原始Moody’s KMV模型、修正後Moody’s KMV 模型與修正後的內生求解模型 78
(四)回復率預測力之準確性與效率性--原始Moody’s KMV模型、修正後Moody’s KMV 模型與修正後的內生求解模型 81
第五章 結論與建議 84
第一節 研究結論 84
第二節 研究限制 86
第三節 後續研究建議 87
參考文獻 89
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