此研究目的主要是以溶膠凝膠法製備氧化鋅薄膜，應用於外部光萃取結構之有機發光二極體，來達到降低元件機板與空氣之間的光學損耗，以提升元件的光萃取效率及外部量子效率(EQE)。
首先我們將氧化鋅溶膠凝膠以不同轉數進行旋轉塗佈，探討其成膜後之差異。之後嘗試不同退火溫度對薄膜之影響，接著量測與探討其光學特性、表面形態、穿透度等特性。
然後將薄膜應用於元件的外部微結構萃取層上，製作出具有外部光萃取結構之藍光OLED元件，最後進行元件的光電特性量測，探討不同退火溫度對藍光OLED元件的光電特性影響。
本實驗結果為利用濃度0.6 M之氧化鋅薄膜製作出具有外部光萃取結構的藍光OLED元件，氧化鋅薄膜在透過不同退火溫度後獲得改善以符合需求，最後成功應用於藍光OLED元件，其外部量子效率(EQE)在亮度為1000cd/m2時的最高增益約43%。

In this study, we fabricated organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with external light extraction structure to reduce the Substrate mode loss and increase the EQE by using the Sol–gel-deposited zinc oxide (ZnO) micro structure thin films. And we successfully applied the external light extraction to the organic light-emitting diodes.
First, we use the spin-coating to fabricate the ZnO thin film for forming various thickness by using different spin rate. We investigated surface morphology and transmittance of the ZnO thin film.
Then, we anneal different temperature and also different ways to raise the annealing temperature. We investigated surface morphology and optical characteristics of the ZnO thin film, and we improve the ZnO thin film to match the condition of external light extraction structure.
Finally, we successfully fabricated blue OLEDs with the Sol–gel-deposited ZnO light extraction thin films. Significantly, the blue OLEDs with external light extraction structure have great light extraction efficiency which increase the external quantum efficiency (EQE) by 43% compared to standard OLEDs at 1000cd/m2.

中文審定書 i
英文審定書 ii
致謝 iii
中文摘要 iv
Abstract v
目錄 vi
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 xii
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 有機發光二極體的歷史進展 2
1-3 OLED元件的結構介紹 3
1-3-1 雙層A型 3
1-3-2 雙層B型 4
1-3-3 雙層B型元件結構三層A型 5
1-3-4 三層B型 5
1-4 OLED元件的基本發光原理 6
1-4-1 有機與無機發光機制比較 6
1-4-2 有機發光二極體基礎理論 8
1-4-3 能量轉換機制 10
1-5 有機電激發光元件材料介紹 12
1-5-1 陽極 13
1-5-2 電洞注入層 13
1-5-3 電洞傳輸層 14
1-5-4 發光層 15
1-5-5 電子傳輸層 16
1-5-6 電子注入層 16
1-5-7 陰極 17
1-6 摻雜技術 17
1-7 濃度淬息效應 18
1-8 三重態自我毀滅現象 19
1-9 OLED發光效率定義 20
1-10 OLED光色鑑定 22
1-11 OLED光學損耗因素 24
1-12 研究動機 25
1-13 文獻回顧 26
第二章 實驗方法與流程 28
2-1 實驗架構 28
2-2 實驗材料 29
2-3 實驗設備 31
2-3-1 製程設備 31
2-3-2 量測設備 34
2-4 有機發光二極體實驗步驟 39
2-4-1 溶膠凝膠氧化鋅配製及成膜 40
2-4-2 有機薄膜與金屬薄膜蒸鍍製程 41
2-4-3 OLED元件之封裝製程 44
2-4-4 OLED元件之量測 44
第三章 結果與討論 45
3-1 不同轉速對氧化鋅薄膜之影響 45
3-1-1 薄膜穿透率分析 45
3-1-2 薄膜表面形態分析 46
3-1-3 具有微結構之元件數據分析 47
3-1-4 小結 52
3-2 不同退火溫度對氧化鋅薄膜之影響 52
3-2-1 薄膜表面形態分析 52
3-2-2 薄膜光學特性分析 54
3-2-3 具有微結構之元件數據分析 55
3-2-4 小結 59
3-3 不同退火方式對氧化鋅薄膜之影響 59
3-3-1 薄膜表面形態分析 59
3-3-2 薄膜光學特性分析 61
3-3-3 具有微結構之元件數據分析 62
3-3-4 小結 66
第四章 總結 67
參考文獻 68

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