電業自由化後，在合約市場運作方式下，發電公司與配電公司將簽訂各式各樣的電力合約，而獨立系統操作者有責任執行雙向合約的電力調度並維持系統安全之操作，因此自由化下雙向合約的電力調度問題將分成兩部分來描述，第一部分為求解「電力合約」和「備轉容量」的電力調度問題，其目的在於求得發電公司與配電公司之間所簽訂雙向合約與實際調度結果之間的差量最小化；並且考量各種限制條件，其中包含了容量耦合、備轉容量和線路傳輸容量限制等，亦考量輸電容量變小的效應及加入有關環保的環境限制條件，來評估擁擠的情況及環境因素對雙向電力合約的電力調度的影響，並運用直流電力潮流模型來簡化所探討的問題以及藉由內部點法之快速搜尋的技巧來處理此一最佳化問題，最後反覆的數值模擬，以作為獨立系統操作者制訂安全且公平的運轉調度策略之參考。

第二部分將考慮設置彈性交流傳輸系統設備，例如閘控串聯補償器以及閘控相移器，其目的在於解決或改善線路擁擠問題。藉由進化規劃演算法隨機尋優的特性，以避免僅收斂於局部最佳點的機會而達到近似整體最佳解，來處理此組合最佳化問題。並且亦將提供運轉規劃人員於線路擁擠時設置彈性交流傳輸系統設備於既設系統之效益評估與系統規劃之參考。

The major goal of this paper is to study the problem of power dispatch for bilateral contract. The proposed problem was separated into two parts in this thesis. The first deals with the deregulated electricity market, where Generation Company and Distribution Company will be permitted to establish bilateral service contracts in the market. The Independent System Operator (ISO) has an overall responsibility to execute these bilateral contracts as far as the operating conditions permit. In this thesis, the problem of power dispatch for bilateral contract is formulated as minimization of deviations from transaction requests made by market participants. In addition, various constraints consisting of capacity coupling, spinning reserve capacity and transmission line constraints are explicitly taken into account. We also consider the impact of transmission congestion and environmental constraints. DC load flow and interior point (IP) methods were used in solving this problem. According to various simulations, the proposed method is reliable and helpful for ISO’s power dispatch.

Second part of the thesis deals with the flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices, such as thyristor controlled series compensators and thyristor controlled phase shifters, under transmission congestion. Evolutionary Programming, known to avoid local convergence and achieve nearly global optimum, was used to solve this combinatorial optimization problem. FACTS installation tried to solve or improve congestion in the transmission network for bilateral contracts. It could also provide planning tools for system expansion for operators’ references.

目 錄
摘要 Ⅰ
Abstract Ⅲ
圖目錄 Ⅶ
表目錄 Ⅸ

第一章 緒論 1
1-1研究背景及動機 1
1-2研究流程與貢獻 2
1-3 論文架構 4
第二章 自由化之電力市場與FACTS設備之介紹 5
2-1電力市場變革之趨勢與衝擊 5
2-2電力市場的新架構 9
2-3新FACTS的設備及技術 16
第三章 問題的數學模式與等效模型 20
3-1 前言 20
3-2單一與連續時段合約調度 20
3-3串聯FACTS之等效直流模型 29
3-4 FACTS設置的問題 32
3-5加入FACTS的合約調度 34
第四章 研究方法 36
4-1內部點演算法 36
4-2進化規劃演算法 41
4-3內部點法配合進化規劃法的設計架構 46
第五章 數值模擬及討論 52
5-1前言 52
5-2 單一與連續時段合約調度分析 53
5-3 FACTS設置的問題分析 67
5-4 加入FACTS對合約調度分析 69

第六章 結論 72

參考文獻 74

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