近來雙極性主體材料在磷光發光二極體(phOLEDs)中的應用越來越受到矚目，使用雙極性主體材料不僅可平衡元件中的電子與電洞，進而提升效率，更具有使元件結構簡單化，降低製作成本等優點；因此本篇論文研究一系列為吡咯(pyrrole)為中心的雙極性主體材料，由於此材料導入予體與受體(Donor and Acceptor )的結構，因此可結合與體與受體的載子傳輸特性，透過平衡材料的電子及電洞遷移率，使電子與電洞在主動層中的比例，來提高元件電光轉換效率。
實驗中以此系列主體材料製作綠光與紅光磷光發光元件，其中以主體材料ppn搭配客體材料Ir(pq)2acac表現最佳，其最大亮度可達到42648 cd/m2 (at 9V)，最大電流效率為12.4cd/A與功率效率為10.2lm/W，成功的製作出深紅光元件，CIE座標為(0.65,0.36)，相較於傳統使用單極性CBP主體材料搭配客體材料Ir(pq)2acac 發光[33]，不僅結構簡單化，更可提升元件效率；另外與mcp為主體材料搭配Firpic客體材料，製作互補色白光元件，CIE座標為(0.37,0.37)，最大亮度可達到34756 cd/m2 (at 9V)，最大電流效率為7.80cd/A，與功率效率為7.62 lm/W，此結果顯示可運用於固態照明及顯示器中。

Recently, bipolar hosts have aroused considerable interests in the phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (ph-OLEDs). The ph-OLEDs utilizing bipolar hosts usually exhibit better device performance benefiting by the balance of electron and hole fluxes. The simplified structure also reduces production cost efficiently.
In this thesis, we reported a series of pyrrole derivatives for bipolar host materials, which exhibit bipolar carrier transport properties as host materials for ph-OLEDs.
Both green and red-emitting ph-OLEDs were demonstrated in the thesis. In the study of green-emitting ph-OLEDs, the device configuration with the best performance was ITO/α-NPB (35nm)/ppn:16% ir(ppy)3( 30nm)/Bphen (44nm)/ LiF(0.5nm)/Al(130nm).
The maximum brightness, current efficiency, and power efficiency of the device was 13419cd/m2, 3.16 cd/A, and 1.34 lm/W, respectively.
In the study of red-emitting phOLEDs, the device configuration with the best performance was ITO/TAPC(35nm)/ppn:2%ir(pq)2acac(30nm)/Bphen(44nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al(130nm).The maximum brightness, current efficiency, and power efficiency of the device was 42648 cd/m2,12.4 cd/A, and 10.2 lm/W, respectively.
Such high power efficiency in the simplified device structure shows great potential of the bipolar host, ppn, in the application of deep-red ph-OLEDs.
Finally, white OLEDs with the configuration of ITO/TAPC (35nm)/ mcp:7% firpic (10nm)/ppn:2% ir(pq)2acac(10nm)/ mcp:7% firpic(10nm)/Bphen(44nm) /LiF(0.5nm)
/Al(130nm) was demonstrated. The current efficiency and CIE 1931 color coordinates of the device was 7.80 cd/A and (0.37,0.37) , respectively .The results indicate that the device is suitable for display or lighting applications.

中文論文審定書 i
英文論文審定書 ii
致謝 iii
摘要 iv
Abstract v
目錄 vi
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 xii
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 有機發光二極體文獻回顧 1
1-3 研究動機與目的 3
1-4 各章提要 3
第二章 基礎理論 4
2-1 有機電激發光元件發光原理及機制 4
2-1-1 前言 4
2-1-2 螢光與磷光發光原理 6
2-2 有機電激發光元件結構 8
2-2-1 單層結構 8
2-2-2 多層結構 9
2-3 有機電激發光常用材料 10
2-3-1 電洞注入與電洞傳輸層材料 10
2-3-2 電子注入與電子傳輸層材料 10
2-3-3 主發光體材料與客發光體材料 12
2-4 能量轉移機制 13
2-5 OLED 摻雜技術 15
第三章 實驗裝置與元件製作 16
3-1 實驗設備介紹 16
3-1-1 超音波震盪機 16
3-1-2 紫外光臭氧清洗機(UV-ozone) 16
3-1-3 純化系統-管式高溫爐(Tube-Furnace) 16
3-1-4 低水氧手套箱(glove box) 17
3-1-5 高真空熱蒸鍍系統 17
3-2 實驗流程圖-元件製作流程 18
3-3 元件製作步驟 22
3-3-1 ITO電極黃光顯影蝕刻(封裝型元件) 22
3-3-2 ITO 基板清洗與前處理 23
3-3-3 實驗材料 23
3-3-4 發光元件製程 24
3-4 元件量測與儀器介紹 26
3-4-1硬體架設 26
3-4-2 軟體labview程式設計 27
3-4-3 元件量測步驟 32
第四章 結果與討論 33
4-1 簡介 33
4-2 ppn、npcz、pycz材料物理特性 33
4-3 主發光體材料ppn 37
4-3-1 摻雜客發光體Ir(ppy)3濃度對元件效率的影響 37
4-3-2 電洞傳輸層(HTL)厚度與電子傳輸層(ETL)厚度最佳化 40
4-3-3 BPhen電子傳輸層對元件效率的影響 43
4-3-4 摻雜客發光體Ir(pq)2(acac)濃度對元件效率的影響 45
4-4 雙層主體材料npcz與ppn與單主體材料pycz 49
4-4-1 雙層主體材料發光層厚度對元件效率的影響 49
4-4-2 雙層主發光體與單主發光體元件效率比較 53
4-5 雙波段白光元件 58
4-5-1 發光層厚度對元件效率的影響 58
4-5-2 發光層摻雜濃度對光色穩定度影響 62
4-5-3 使用載子侷限結構對元件效率的影響 64
第五章 總結 68
參考文獻 69

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