民航運輸事業乃一國人民的社會生活與經濟生活重要組成部分。中國民航市場擁有世界最龐大潛在客群、特殊地理環境不利發展地表運輸，加上近年來經濟改革、政治開放有成，使得經貿及社會關係愈為多元而密切，凡此因素都深具發展支線民航市場的正面意義。事實上，中國支線航空的發展由來已久，其歷程也頗為曲折，近年來支線航空確有了一些突破性的進展，而環境也有顯著的改善，然而，中國民航的發展面臨著另一波前所未有的挑戰。研究發現，中國支線民航遍及中國各地，只是型態有些不同，例如，中國西北部貧困地區的支線航空起步早，有穩定並持續增長的客源；西南各省支線航空發展速度快，旅遊客人占多數，客源充足，並形成了健全的支線航線網路；東南部經濟發達地區的支線航空旅客以商務為主，有較高支付票價能力等。總言之，支線航空市場無處不在，政府部門如何因勢利導，擬定支線民航之發展策略，民航業者又如何掌握市場特點，選擇適應支線飛機和航線，將是支線航空市場發揮其政經效益的重大關鍵。

The China’s aviation market has the hugest potential guest group in the world and the special geographical environment disadvantage developing surface transportation, in addition, the economic reform in recent years effect regional civic aviation market positive significantly. In fact, the China regional civic aviation really had some unprecedented progress, and the regional civic aviation environment also had certain improvement, however, the further development for China regional civic aviation was facing another challenge. The research discovered that, the China regional civic aviation got different character. For example, the China’s northwest area regional civic aviation start more early; The southwest province regional civic aviation develop more quickly; The southeast area regional civic aviation passenger has the high payment ability. In sum, the China regional civic aviation market is ubiquitous, how to choose correct market policy and proper regional civic airplane and the network would lead regional civic aviation to obtain the political and economic benefit

目 錄
第一章 緒論…………………….………………………………………….1
第一節 研究動機與問題…………………………………...…………….1
第二節 研究架構………………………………………………………..11
第三節 研究方法………………………………………………………..31
第二章 民航運輸微觀理論分析…………..………………………..35
第一節 航運輸需求理論………………………………………………..37
第二節 民航運輸成本理論……………………………………………..45
第三節 民航運輸定價理論…………………………………………..…55
第四節 民航運輸規劃與預測理論……………………………..………62
第三章 民航運輸宏觀理論分析…………………………….…...…65
第一節 民航運輸與經濟區域發展…………………………………..…66
第二節 民航產業之外部性與對策…………………………………..…69
第三節 政府參與民航事業之準則…………………………………..…77
第四節 民航產業管制與航空政策………………………………..……89
第四章 中國民航產業探討…………………………………………107
第一節 中國民航發展歷程……………………………………………109
第二節 中國民航經濟核算制度演進…………………………………114
第三節 當前中國民航概況……………………………………………129
第四節 制約中國民航發展因素………………………………………132
第五節 中國廉價民航市場探索………………………………………135
第六節 中國民航產業重組問題………………………………………146
第五章 支線民航市場區隔探討…………………………..………153
第一節 市場區隔理論…………………………………………………154
第二節 民航市場區隔…………………………………………………160
第三節 目標市場之選擇………………………………………………166
第四節 支線民航之市場定位…………………………………………179
第五節 支線民航之運作模式…………………………………………184
第六章 中國支線民航市場總體分析………………………….…193
第一節 中國支線民航發展定義………………………………………194
第二節 中國支線民航發展特色………………………………………196
第三節 中國支線民航發展概況………………………………………197
第四節 中國支線民航發展意義………………………………………198
第五節 重組後的中國支線民航………………………………………200
第六節 建構中國支線民航路網………………………………………207
第七節 強化中國支線民航機隊………………………………………216
第七章 中國支線民航市場個體分析……………….……………235
第一節 西北支線航空公司個案討論…………………………………236
第二節 西南支線航空公司個案討論…………………………………250
第三節 華北支線航空公司個案討論…………………………………268
第四節 華東支線航空公司個案討論…………………………………271
第五節 華南支線航空公司個案討論…………………………………273
第六節 內蒙古支線航空站個案討論…………………………………280
第七節 廣東省支線航空站個案討論…………………………………282
第八節 廣西省支線航空站個案討論…………………………………284
第九節 福建省支線航空站個案討論…………………………………286
第八章 中國支線民航市場前景…………………………..………295
第一節 中國支線民航市場發展因素…………………………………297
第二節 中國支線民航市場關鍵問題…………………………………298
第三節 中國支線民航市場因應對策…………………………………303
第四節 中國支線民航市場未來前景…………………………………305
第五節 台灣與中國支線民航市場之互補……………………………306
第九章 結論………………………………………………………….….321

中文參考書目
人民網編輯部，“中國共黨大紀事，”人民網，2007年2月1日。
刁永海和朱金福，“支線機場的建設與發展，”中國民用航空，Vol.17 ( 2002年5月): 頁37-40。
中國民用航空編輯部，“支線航空：前途光明，道路曲折，”中國民用航空，Vol.17 ( 2002年5月): 頁2。
中國民用航空總局，“2006中國民航，”中國民用航空總局網頁，2007年1月30日。
中國民用航空總局，“中國民航統計，”中國民用航空總局網頁，2007年1月30日。
中國民用航空總局，“今日民航，”中國民用航空總局網頁，2007年1月30日。
中國民用航空總局，“中國民用航空發展第十一個五年規劃，” 中國民航總局網頁，2006年11月29日。
中國民用航空總局，“加快發展支線航空，”中國民航總局網頁，2005年6月8日。
中國民用航空總局，“民用航空支線機場建設標準，”中國民航總局網頁，2006年5月24日。
中國民用航空總局，“西北支線補助，”中國民航總局網頁，2006年12月11日。
中國民用航空總局，“專注支線之華夏航空首航，”中國民航總局網頁，2006年9月25日。
中國民用航空總局，“楊元元局長考察西藏民航工作，”中國民航總局網頁，2006年7月17日。
中國民用航空總局，“中國正逐步放開支線航空運輸市場，”中國民航總局網頁，2006年10月31日。
中國社會科學編輯部，當代中國民航事業。北京：中國社會科學出版社，1989年。
方貴金和張喜成，“四川支線機場定位及旅遊航線佈局，”中國民用航空，Vol. 30( 2003年6月): 頁46-48。
毛慶生、朱敬一、林全、許松根、陳昭男、陳添枝和黃朝熙，基礎經濟學。台北：華泰書局，2004年。
世界民航月刊編輯部，“天空吹起廉價風，”世界民航月刊，第83期(2004年5月): 頁40-46。
世界民航月刊編輯部，“航空產業簡介，”世界民航月刊，第90期(2004年12月): 頁34-37。
世界民航月刊編輯部，“廉價航空公司帶來維修界的新啟示，”世界民航月刊， 第75期(2004年9月): 頁82-84。
世界民航月刊編輯部，“歐盟拿瑞安航空開刀? 歐洲低成本航空公司面臨挑戰，”世界民航月刊，第80期(2004年2月): 頁31-33。
任承彜，“四川省三個民航支線機場虧損的原因及對策建議，” 經濟體制改革，第1期( 2003年1月): 頁82-85。
吳峰，“發展支線航空運輸六要素，”中國民用航空，Vol.31 ( 2003年7月): 頁62-63。
宋昆，“關於發展支線航空的幾點思考，”中國民用航空，Vol.58 ( 2005年10月): 頁32-33。
李大立，“山東航空公司的支線航空，”民航經濟與技術，第7期(1998年7月): 頁58-61。
李大立，“內蒙古支線航空路在何方，”民航經濟與技術，第11期(1998年11月): 頁11-15。
李大立，“美多飛機在海南，”民航經濟與技術，第1期(1999年1月): 頁38-41。

李大立，“從長安航空公司的成功營運看西部支線航空市場，”民航經濟與技術，第1期(1998年1月): 頁47-50。
李大立，“發展中的新疆支線航空，”民航經濟與技術，第3期(1998年3月): 頁53-55。
李大立，“福建支線航空如何面對市場競爭，”民航經濟與技術，第7期(1999年7月): 頁19-23。
李大立，中國支線航空市場調查與分析。北京：中國民航出版社，2001年。
李大立和楊湘龍，“雲南航空公司的支線航空，”民航經濟與技術，第5期(1998年5月): 頁32-36。
李伊，“支線航空—現實爲未來支付的代價，”中國民用航空，Vol.58( 2005年10月): 頁30-31。
林德昌，廣東省與四川省的國有企業改革：國家與社會關係的新詮釋。台北：成文，2001年。
武文，“我國放寬內支線航線經營，”中國民航，總第232期 (2005年3月第3期): 頁56。
邱連中、謝立和田靜，“遲來的春天：中國民航重組後的支線航空，”中國民用航空，Vol. 29( 2003年5月): 頁49-54。
金錡，”全球湧動低成本航空公司潮，”世界民航月刊，第64期(2005年10月): 頁64-70。
胡華清，“中國支線航空運輸市場分析和需求預測，”中國民用航空，Vol.29 ( 2003年5月): 頁55-58。
姜長英，中國航空史。北京：清華大學出版社，2000。
孫宏和史虹聖，“航線運輸需求量預測模型研究，”中國民航飛行學院學報，Vol.15 No.4( 2004年6月): 頁38-43。

秦占欣，“民航運輸業的網絡經濟性與政府管制變遷，”西南交通大學學報(社會科學版)，Vol.5 No.2(2004年3月):頁1-5。
耿淑香，“政府規制：打破支線航空經營困境的必由之路，”中國民用航空，Vol. 17( 2002年5月): 頁49-52。
耿淑香，航空公司運營管理方略。北京：中國民航出版社，2000年。
夏洪山，現代航空運輸管理。北京：人民交通出版社，2000年。
國際航空運輸協會(IATA)，“民航統計，”國際航空運輸協會網頁，2007年1月11日。
張玉君、周義華和潘美伶，“低成本航空兩岸直航航點評選模式，”中華民國運輸學會第21屆論文研討會，台北，2006年12月。
張有恆，航空業經營與管理。台北：華泰文化事業公司，2003年。
張有恆，航空運輸學。台北：華泰文化事業公司，2003年。
張有恆，運輸學。台北：華泰文化事業公司，1999年。
曹景舜，“西北地區的支線航空發展，”中國民用航空，Vol.17 ( 2002年5月): 頁44-46。
許文玲，“Jetstar Asia 亞洲經濟飛行新勢力，”世界民航月刊，第91期(2005年1月):頁16。
許文玲，“歐洲低價航空龍頭之爭，”世界民航月刊，第91期(2005年1月): 頁62-63。
郭華倫，“關於研究「中國大陸」之方法，”中共問題論集。台北：國際關係研究中心，1982 年。
陳一堅，“民用支線飛機發展淺析，”中國工程科學，第3卷第2期( 2001年2月): 頁16-20。
陳金星，民航運輸企業財務管理。北京：中國民航出版社，1997年。
陳曉寧，“政策支援是當前發展我國支線航空的關鍵，”中國民用航空，Vol.29 ( 2003年5月): 頁45-46。
陽春生，“美歐低成本航空公司蓬勃發展，”國際航空月刊，第146期(1999年5月):頁34-36。
黃耀民，“爲新的支線航空政策叫好，”中國民用航空，Vol. 67( 2006年7月): 頁70。
黃爲和謝立，“中國支線航空運輸實證分析，”中國民用航空，Vol. 17( 2002年5月): 頁41-43。
楊新星和劉永欣，“支線航空發展前景研究: 西南地區的支線航空發展透析，”長沙鐵道學院學報(社會科學版)，第6卷第1期(2005年3月): 頁113-115。
萬瑞諮詢交通運輸行業研究部，“2006年中國民用航空業分析及投資諮詢報告，”中國投資諮詢網，2006年3月1日。
詹誼，“從對比看大陸支線航空發展瓶頸，”中國民用航空，Vol. 26( 2003年2月): 頁21-22。
廖名暉，“完全體驗瑞恩航空，”世界民航月刊，第95期(2005年5月): 頁82-87。
趙民合，“雲南發展支線機場的啓示，”綜合運輸，Vol.12 ( 2002年12月): 頁22-23。
劉少成，“對發展我國支線航空運輸的幾點認識，”民航經濟與技術，第3期(1997年3月): 頁8-10。
劉世錦和張文魁，“我國民航運輸企業改革與重組的思路研究，” 管理世界，第四期(2000年4月): 頁66-77。
劉得一，民航概論。北京：中國民航出版社，2003年。
劉萬明，“營造良好運營環境，加快發展支線航空，”中國民用航空，Vol. 29( 2003年5月): 頁47-48。
鮑同振，“支線航空運輸的定位與發展，” 中國民航學院學報，第23卷第1期( 2005年2月): 頁19-21。
韓傑，民航運輸學。高雄：前程出版社，2001年。
Dan Reed箸，張篤群譯，美國航空(American Airlines)。台北：絲路出版社，1995年。
Grzegorz, Sobczak. and Bartosz, Glowacki.“小星空聯盟--“Low Cost Starlet Alliance，”世界民航月刊，第92期(2005年2月): 頁37-39。
Grzegorz, Sobczak. and Bartosz, Glowacki.“Ill Ryanair land in the court?，”世界民航月刊，第89期(2004年11月): 頁52-55。
Grzegorz, Sobczak. and Bartosz, Glowacki.“渦輪螺旋槳飛機捲土重來，”世界民航月刊，第91期(2005年1月): 頁42-47。
Grzegorz, Sobczak. and Bartosz, Glowacki.“新歐盟航空市場的頭號殺手—廉價航空，”世界民航月刊，第85期(2004年7月): 頁38-43。
Grzegorz, Sobczak. and Bartosz, Glowacki.“New European regulations，A gain or loss for the passenger？”世界民航月刊，第93期(2005年3月): 頁30-35。
Jody Hoffer Gittell著，李芳齡譯，關係與績效：西南航空以關係為導向創新營運模式的十大組織實務。台北：美商麥格羅．希爾出版社，2003年。
Robert Gandt著，李曉濤等譯，藍天至尊—泛美國際航空公司興衰實錄。四川：四川大學出版社，2000年。
Thunder, Flyer. “從新加坡看亞洲低價航空公司所面臨的挑戰，”世界民航月刊，第97期(2005年7月): 頁50-54。
Wilhelm Pompl著，高中和謝碧珠譯，空運學：經營管理概論(Luftverkehr: Eine Ökonomiche Einführung)。台北：五南書局，1995年。

英文參考書目
Abe, M.A. “Skytrain: competitive pricing, quality of service and the deregulation of the airline industry AE,” International Journal of Transport Economics, no.6(1979): 41-47.
Adler, H.A. Economic Appraisal of Transport Projects. Washington: World Bank, 1987.
Ahmed , Y. , O’Sullivan , P. , Suiono and Wilson , D. Road Investment Programming for Developing Countries：An Indonesian Example. Evanston: Northwestern University, 1976.
Alcaly, R. E. “Transportation and urban land values: a review of the theoretical literature ,” Land Economics, no. 52 (1976), 42-53.
Alexander, K. J. W. “ Some economic problems of the transport industry,” Chartered Institute of Transport Journal, no. 36(1975): 306-308.
Allen, D.N. and Robertson, G. E. Silicon , Sensors and Software : Listening to Advanced Technology Enterprises in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania :Institure of Public Administration , Pennsylvania State University,1983.
Alonso, W . Location and Land Use. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1964.
Andersson , A. and Stromquist , U., “The emerging C-society,” in Transportation for the Future ed., by D. F. Batten and R. Thords, 231. Berlin: Springer, 1988.
Bailey , E. E. and Panzar , J.C. “The contestability of airline markets During the transition to deregulation,” Law and Contemporary Problems , no.44(1981):125-145.
Bailey, J. “Voluntary and social services transport in Birmingham, Redditch and Bromsgrove,” Transport and Road Re search Laboratory Report , 1977.
Banister , D. Bould , M. and Warren , G. “ Towards needs-based transport planning ,” Traffic Engineering and Control , no.25(1984): 372-375.
Banister , D. and Button , K.J. (eds) Transport in a Free Market Economy. London：Macmillan, 1991.
Banister , D. “ The influence of habit formation on modal choice – a heuristic model ” Transportation , no.7(1978): 19-33.
Banister, D. and Button, K.J. (eds), Transport, the Environment and Sustainable Development. London: E & F. N. Spon, 1992.
Barde , J. Ph, and Button, K. J . (eds) Transport Policy and the Environment : Six Case Studies. London: Earthscan, 1990.
Barzel , Y. “ A theory of rationing by waiting,” Journal of Law and Economics, no.17 (1974): 73-95.
Bates, J. “Econometric issues in stated preference analysis,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.22(1988): 59-70.
Baumol, W. J. and Vinod, H. D. “An inventory theoretical model of freight transport demand,” Management Science, no.16(1970): 413—21.
Baumol, W.J. and Bradford, D.F. “Optimal departures from marginal cost pricing,” American Economic Review, no.60 (1970): 265-283.
Baumol, W.J. “On the theory of the expansion of the firm,” American Economic Review, no.52 (1962): 1078-1091.
Baxter , R.D.“Railway extension and its results,” Journal of the Statistical Society , no.24(1866): 549-595.
Bayliss, B. Transport Policy and Planning : An Integrated Analytical Approach. Washington: World Bank, 1992.
Beesley, M. E. “The value of time spent in traveling: some new evidence ,” Economica , no.32(1965): 174-85.
Beesley, M.E. “Regulation of taxis,” Economic Journal, no.83 (1973), 150-172.

Behbehhani, R., Pendakur, V. S. and Armstrong Wright, A. T. Singapore Area Licensing Scheme: A Review of the Impact. Washington: World Bank Water Supply and Urban Development Department, 1984.
Bell , P. and Cloke , P. (eds) Deregualtion and Transport：Market Forces in the Modern World. London: David Fulton, 1990.
Ben-Akiva, M. and Lerman, S. Discrete Choice Analysis : Theory and Application to Travel Demand. Cambrige, Mass.: MIT Press, 1985.
Ben-Akiva, M. “Passenger travel demand forecasting : applications of disaggregate models and directions for research,” in Transport Decisions in an Age of Uncertainly, The Hague, ed., by E. J. Visser. Martinus: Nijhoff, 1997.
Bendtsen , P. H. “ The influence of price of petrol and of cars on the amount of automobile traffic,” International Journal of Transport Economics , no.7(1980): 207-213.
Bennathan, E. and Walters, A. Port Pricing and Investment Policy for Developing Countries. Oxford: University Press, 1979.
Berechman, J. and Giuliano, G. “Economies of scale in bus transit: a review of concepts and evidence,” Transportation, no.12 (1985): 312-332.
Berechman, J. and Gordon, P. “Linked models of land use – transport interactions: a review,” in Advances in Urban Systems Modelling, ed, by B. Hutchinson and M. Barry, 43. Amsterdam: North—Holland, 1986.
Berechman, J.“Costs economies of scale and factor demand in road transport,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no. 17 (1983): 7-24.
Biehl , D.“The role of infrastructure in regional development,” in Infrastructure and Regional Development, ed., by R.W. Vickeman,99. London: Pion, 1911.
Bishop M. and Thompson, D. “Peak-load pricing in aviation: the case of charter air fares,” Journal of Transport Economics and policy,no. 26 (1992): 71-82.
Blasé , J. H. “ Hysterisis in travel demand ,” Transportation Planning and Technology , no.6(1980): 109-16.
Blum , U.“Effects of transportation investments on regional growth：a theoretical and empirical analysis,” Papers of the Regional Science Association , no.49(1982): 151-168.
Board of Trade. British Air Transport in the Seventies, Cmnd 4018. London: HMSO, 1969.
Bos, D. “Distribution effects of maximization of passenger rules,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.12(1978): 322-329.
Bos, H.c. and Koyck, L.M. “The appraisal of road construction projects; a practical example,” Review of Economics and Statistics, no.43 (1961): 13-20.
Brown , S. and Watkins. W. “ The demand for air travel : a regression study of time-series and cross-sectional data in the US domestic marker ,” High-way Research Record , no.213(1968): 21-34.
Brown, J. H. “An economic model of airline hubbing-and-spoking,” Logistics and Transportation Review, no.27 (1991): 225-240.
Brown, RH. and Nash C.A. “Cost savings from one-man operations of buses,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.6(1972): 281-4.
Bruzelius , N. “ Recent developments in car ownership forecasting ,” in Urban Traffic Model Research. London: Planning and Transport Research and Computation, 1979.
Burrell, J. “Recent developments in car ownership forecasting,” in Urban Traffic Model Research, 17. London: Planning and Transport Research and Computation,1979.
Button , K. J . and Pearman , A. D. “ The value of time in road investment appraisal in less developed countries ,” International Journal of Transport Economics, no.11 (1984): 135-148.
Button , K. J. “Transport regulation and the environment in law income countries,” Utilities policy, no.2(1992):248-257.
Button , K. J. “ High-technology companies : an examination of their transport needs ,” Progress in Planning , no.29 (1988): 81-146.
Button , K. J. Transport , the Environment and Economic Policy . Aldershot: Edward Elgar, 1993.
Button , K.J.“The Channel Tunne—the economic implications for the South-East of England,”Geographical Journal , no.156 (1990) :187-199.
Button , K.J.“Transport policy in the United Kingdom 1968-74,” Three Banks Review , no.103 (1974) : 26-48.
Button , K.J. and Chow ,G.“Road haulage regulation：a comparison of the Canadian ,British and American approaches,” Transport Reviews , no.3 (1983): 237-264.
Button , K.J. and Gillingwater , D. Future Transport Policy. London: Routledge, 1986.
Button , K.J. and Pitfield , D. (eds ) Transport Deregulation：An International Movement. London: Macmillan, 1991.
Button , K.J.“Economic theories of regulation and the regulation of the United Kingdom bus industry,” Anti-trust Bulletin ,no.34 (1989b):489-515.
Button , K.J.“The deregulation of US interstate aviation：an assessment of causes and consequences,” Transport Reviews , no.9(1989a) :189-215.
Button, K. J. and O’Donnell, K. J. “ An examination of the cost structures associated with providing urban bus services in Britain,” Scottish Journal of Political Economy, no.32(1985): 67-81.
Button, K. J. and Pearman, A.d. The Economics of Urban Freight Transport. London: Macmillan, 1981.
Button, K. J. “ Contestability in the UK bus industry, and experience goods and economies of experience,” in Bus Deregulation and Privatisation: An International Perspective, ed., by J. Dodgson and N. Topham, 173.Aldershot: Gower, 1989.
Button, K.J. (ed) Airline Deregulation：International Experiences. London : David Fultion, 1991.
Button, K.J. and Gillingwater, D. (eds) Transport, Location and Spatial Policy. Aldershot: Gower, 1983.
Button, K.J. and Keeler, T.E.“The regulation of transport markets,” Economic Journal , no.103 (1993):1-11.
Button, K.J. and Pearce, D.W. “Infrastructure restoration as a tool for stimulating urban renewal – the Glasgow Canal,” Urban Studies, no.26 (1989): 559—571.
Button, K.J. Pearman, A.D. and Fowkes, A.S. Car Ownership Modelling and Forecasting. Farnborough: Gower Press, 1982.
Button, K.J. “High-technology companies: an examination of their transport needs,” Progress in Planning, no.29(1987): 79-146.
Button, K.J. “Models for decision-making in the public sector,” OMEGA, no.7(1979): 399-409.
Button, K.J. “Some Comments on Starkie’s method of allocating interurban road and rail investment,” Regional Studies, no.14 (1980): 333—335.
Button, K.J. Pearman, A.D. and Fowkes A.S. Car Ownership Modelling and Forecasting. Aldershot: Gower Press, 1982.
Button, K.J.“Privatization in the transport sector：some of the key issues,” Economisch en Sociaal Tijdschrift , no.45 (1992): 29-48.
Chartered Institute of Transport. Paying for Progress: A Report on Congestion and Road Pricing. London: Chartered Institute of Transport, 1990.
Chase Econometrics Associates. “The Effect of Tax and Regulatory Alternatives on Car Sales and Gasoline Consumption,” NTIS Report, No. PB-234622, 1974.
Chisholm, M.,”Freight transport costs, industrial location and regional development,” in Spatial Policy Problems of the British Economy, ed., by M. Chisholm and G. Manners, 85. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.
Christie, A.W., Bartlett, R.S., Cundhill, M.A. and Prudhoe, J. “Urban freight distribution: studies of operations in shopping streets at Newbury and Camberley,” Transport and Road Research Laboratory Report, LR, 603, 1973.
Claffey, P.J., St Clair, C. and Welder, N. “Characteristics of passenger car travel on toll roads and comparable free roads,” Highway Research Bulletin, no. 306 (1961):2.
Clamp , P. E. “ Evaluation of the impact of roads on the visual amenity of rural areas,” Department of the Environment Research Report 7, 1976.
Coase, R. H. “The problem of social cost,” Journal of Law and Economics, no.3(1960): 1-44.
Cochrane, R. A. “A possible economic basis for the gravity model,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy , no.9(1975): 34—49.
Commission on the Third London Airport, Airport Report. London: HMSO,1971.
Cook, W.R.“Transport decisions of certain firms in the Black Country,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.1 (1976):344-56.
Cooter , R. and Topakin , G.“Political economy of a public co-operation-pricing objectives of BART,” Journal of Public Economics , no.13(1980): 299-318.
Dahlman , C.J. “ The problem of externalities,” Jounal of Law and Economics , no.22(1979): 141-162.
Damn, D., Lerman, S.R., Lerner-Lam, E. and Young J. “Response of urban real estate values in anticipation of Washington Metro,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.14 (1980):315-360.
Dargay, J.M. “Demand elasticities: a comment,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.27 (1993): 87-90.
Davis, O.A. and Whinston, A.B. “Piecemeal policy in the theory of second-best,” Review of Economic Studies, no.34(1967): 323-331.
Dawson, R.F.F. and Everall, P.F. “The value of motorists time: a study in Italy,” Transport and Road Research Laboratory Report, LR. 426, 1972.
de V. Graaf, J. “Cost-benefit analysis : a critical view,” South African Journal of Economics, no.44(1975): 233—244.
Deakin, E. “The United States,” in Transport Policy and the Environment : Six Case Studies ed., by J. P. Barde and K. J. Button, 201. London: Earthscan, 1990.

DeVany, S.A. “The revealed value of time in air travel,” Review of Economics and Statistics, no.56(1974): 77-82.
Diamond, D. and Spence, N. Infrastructure and Industrial Costs in British Industry. London: HMSO, 1989.
Dix, M. C. “Report on investigations of household travel decision making behavior,” in Transport Decisions in an Age of Uncertainly, ed., by E. J. Visser. Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1997.
Dodgson, J. S. “Railway costs and closures,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.18 (1984): 219-236.
Dodgson, J.S. and Topham, N. (eds.) Bus Deregulation and Privatisation. Aldershot: Avebury, 1988.
Doganis, R. The Airport Business. London: Routledge, 1992.
Domenich, T. and McFadden, D. Urban Travel Demand – A Behavioural Analysis. Amsterdam: North—Holland, 1976.
Due, J. F.“ Major recent contributions to the literature of transport economics: a review article,” Quarterly Review of Economics and Business, no.22 (1982): 6-28.
Dugonjic , V.“Transportation：benign influence or an antidote to regional inequality,” Papers of the Regional Science Association , no.66(1989): 61-76.
Edwards, S. L. and Bayliss, B. T. Operating Costs in Road Freight Transport. London: Department of the Environment, 1971.
Edwards, S.L.“Transport costs in British industry,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, vol.4 (1970), 65-83.
Edwards, S.L.“Regional variations in freight cost,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.9(1975):115-26
Else , P. K.“A reformation of the theory of optimal taxation,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy , no.15(1981): 217-232.
Else, P.K. “Criteria for local transport subsidies,” Transport Reviews, no.12(1992): 291-309.
Evans , A. W. “ Road congestion : the diagrammatic analysis ,” Journal of Political Economy, no.100(1992): 211-17.
Evans , J.J. and Benham , A.“A forked tariff system for liner freight routes,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy , no.9 (1975): 62-66.
Evans, A.W. The Economics of Residential Location. London: Macmillan, 1973.
Eversley, D.E.S. “Social and psychological factors in the determination of industrial location,” in Papers on Regional Development, ed., by T. Wilson, 36. Oxford: Blackwell,1965.
Fairhurst, H.M. “The influence of public transport on car ownership in London,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.9(1975): 193-208.
Fischer, L. Die Berucksichtignung Raumordnungs Politiseler Zeilsetviengen in de Verkehrsplanung. Berlin:Berlin Press,1971.
Fogel , R.W. Railroads and American Economic Growth , Essays in Econometric History. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1964.
Foster, C. D. and Joy, S. “Railway track costs in Britain,” in Development of Railway Traffic Engineering. London: Institution of Civil Engineers, 1967.
Foster, C.D. “The Transport and the environment,”in Transport and the Urban Environment, ed., by J. G. Rothenberg and I. G. Heggie,166. London: Macmillan, 1974.
Foster, C.D. The Transport Problem. London: Croom Helm, 1975.
Fowkes, A. S. and Preston, J. “Novel approaches to forecasting the demand for new local rail services,” Transportation Research, 25A (1991):209-218.
Fowkes, A., Marks, P. and Nash, C. “The value of business travel time saving,” Working Paper 214, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, 1986.

Franke, M. “Competition between Network Carriers and Low-cost Carriers,“ Journal of Air Transport Management, no.10(2004), 15-21.
Frenking , H. Exchange of Information on Noise Abatement Policies. Case Study on Germany , Report prepared for the Environmental Directorate of the OECD. Paris: OECD, 1988.
Friedlaender, A.F. “Price distortions and second best investment rules in the transportation industries,” American Economic Review, Papers and Proceeding, no.71(1981): 389-393.
Friedlaender, A.F. The Interstate Highway System : A Study in Public Investment . Amsterdam: North—Holland, 1965.
Friedman, D.D. “In defence of the long-haul/short-haul discrimination,” Bell Journal of Economics, no.10 (1979):706-708.
Fromm , G.“Introduction：an approach to investment decisions,” in Transport Investment and Economic Development, ed., by G. Fromm, 27. Washington: Brookings Institution, 1965.
Gilbert, C.L. and Jalilian, H. “The demand for travelcards on London Regional Transport,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.25 (1991): 3-30.
Gillen, D. and Lall, A. “Competitive Advantage of Low-cost Carriers,” Journal of Air Transport Management, no.10(2004): 41-50.
Giuliano, G. “Research policy review 27, new directions for understanding transportation and land-use,” Environment and Planning, no.21 (1989):145-159.
Glaister, S. and Collings, J.J. ‘Maximisation of passenger miles in theory and practice’ Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.12(1978): 304-321.
Gomez-Ibanez, J.A. Meyer, J.R. and Luberoff, D.E.“The prospects for privatizing infrastructure: Lessons from US roads and solid waste,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.25(1991): 259-278.
Goodwin, P. B. “Generalised time and the problem of equity in transport studies,” Transportation, no.3(1974): 1-24.

Goodwin, P.B. “Arevision of new demand elasticities with special reference to short and long run effects of price changes, “ Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.26 (1992): 155-170.
Goodwin, P.B. “Habit and hysteresie in mode choice,” Urban Studies, no.14 (1977): 95-8.
Goodwin, P.B.“Time, distance and cost of travel by different modes,” Proceedings of the 5th University Transport Study Group Annual Conference, no.5 (1973):118.
Gorman, W.M. “The intransitivity of certain “criteria” used in welfare economics,” Oxford Economic Papers (new series), no.7(1955): 25—35.
Greenhutt, M. Microeconomics and the Space economy. Chicago: Scott-Foresman, 1963.
Grey, A. “ The generalized coat dilemma,” Transportation, no.7(1978): 261-280.
Gudgin, G. Industrial Location Processes and Regional Employment. Farnborough: Saxon House, 1978.
Gunn, H.F. “Travel budgets-a review of evidence and modeling implications,” Transportation Research, no.15A(1981): 7-23.
Gwilliam, K. J. “Review of Transport Economics,” Economic Journal, no.90(1980): 677-8.
Gwilliam, K.M. and Mackie, P.J. Economics and Transport Policy . London: Allen & Unwin, 1975.
Gwilliam, K.M. “Institutions and objectives in transport plicy,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy,no.13(1979): 11-17.
Gwilliam, K.M. “Transport infrastructure investments and regional development,” in Inflation, Development and Integration-Essays in Honour of A.J. Brown, ed., by J.K. Bowers, 49. Leeds: Leeds University Press, 1979.
Gyenes, L.“Asessing the effect of traffic congestion on motor vehicle fuel consumption,” Transport and Road Research Laboratory Report 613, 1980.
Haig, R.M. “Towards an understanding of the Metropolis,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, no.40 (1926): 179-208.
Handks , J.W. and Lomax , T. J. Roadway Congestion in Major Urbanised Areas 1982 to 1988. College Station: Texas Transportation Institute, 1990.
Harrison, A.J. and Mackie, P.J. The Comparability of Cost Benefit, Civil Service Occasional Paper 5. London: HMSO, 1973.
Harrison, A.J. and Quarmby, D.A. “The value of time in transport planning: a review,” in Report of the Sixth Round Table on Transport Economics, European Conference of Ministers of Transport, Paris, France, 1969.
Heggie, I. G. “A diagnostic survey of urban journey to work behaviour,” in Modal Choice and the Value of Travel time, ed., by I. Heggie, 38. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976.
Heggie, I. G. “Putting behaviour into behavioural models of travel choice,” Journal of the Operational Research Society,no.29 (1978): 541-550.
Heggie, I. G. Transport Engineering Economics. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill, 1972.
Hensher, D. A. and Stopher, P. R. (eds) Behavioural Travel Modelling. London: Croom Helm, 1979.
Hensher, D.A. “Formulating an urban passenger transport policy; a reappraisal of some elements,” Australian Economic Papers, no.18(1979):119-130.
Hibbs,J. Transport without Politics. London: Hobart Paper 95, Institute of Economic Affairs, 1982.
Hicks, J.R. “The valuation of social income,” Economics, no.7(1940): 105-124.
Hicks, S. K. “ Urban goods movement: a political economist’s viewpoint,” in Goods Movement and Goods Vehicles in Urban Areas ed., by K. W. Ogden and S. K. Hicks,77. Melbourne: Commonwealth Bureau of Roads, 1975.
Hill, M. “A goal achievement matrix for evaluating alternative plans,” Journal of the American Institute of Planners, no.34(1968): 19-29.
Hillman, M. Henderson, I. and Whatley, A. , Personal Mobility and Transport Policy. London: PEP Broadsheet 542,1973.
Hirschleifer, J. “Peak loads and efficient pricing-comment,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, no.72(1958): 451-462.
Hischman,A.O. The Strategy of Ecomomic Development. New Haven Conn.: Yale University Press, 1958.
Howe, J.D.G.F. “Valuing time savings in developing countries,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.10(1976): 113-125.
Howrey, E.P. “On the choice of forecasting models for air travel,” Journal of Regional Science , no.9(1969): 215-224.
Hunter, H. “Transport in Soviet and Chinese Development,” Economic Development and Cultural Change, no.14(1965): 71-72.
Ippolito, R.A. “Estimating airline demand with quality of service variables,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.15(1981): 7-15.
Isaac, J.K. “Price and quality in road passenger transport,” Journal of the Chartered Institute of Transport,no.38 (1979): 359-61.
Jansson, J. O. and Shneerson, D. “ Economics of scale of general cargo ships,” Review of Economics and Statistics, no.45(1978): 287-293.
Jones – Lee M. W. “ The value of traffic safety , “ Oxford Review of Economic Policy , no.6 (1990): 39-60.
Jones, I.S. Urban Transport Appraisal. London: Macmillan, 1977.
Jones, P.M.“School hour revisions in West Oxfordshire：an exploratory study using HATS,” Technical Report. Oxford: Oxford University Transport Studies Unit, 1978.
Joy, S. “British Railways track costs,” Journal of Industrial Economics, no. 13(1964): 74-89.
Joy, S. “British Railways, track costs,” Journal of Industrial Economics, no.13 (1964):74-89.
Joy, S. The Train that Ran Away. London: Lan Allan, 1973.
Jung, J.M. and Fujii, E.T. “The price elasticity of demand for air travel-some new evidence,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.10 (1976): 257-62.
Kain, J.F. “A contribution to the urban transportation debate: economic model of urban residential and travel behaviour,” Review of Economics and Statistics, no.47 (1964): 55-64.
Kaldor, N. “Welfare proposition and interpersonal comparisons of utility,” Economic Journal, no.49(1939): 549-552.
Keeler, T.E. and Small, K.A. “Optimal peak-load pricing investment and service levels on urban express-ways,” Journal of Political Economy, no.85(1977): 1-25.
Keeler, T.E. “Airline deregulation and market performance: the economic basis for regulatory reform and lessons from the US experience,” in Transport in a Free Market Economy, ed., by D. Banister and K.J. Button, 442. London: Macmillan, 1991.
Keeler, T.E. “Theories of regulation and the deregulation movement,” Public Choice, no.44(1984):103-145.
Keeler, T.E. Railroads, Freight and Public Policy. Washington: Brookings Institution, 1983.
Kim, W. C, and Mauborgne, R. Blue Ocean Strategy-How to Creat Uncontested Market Space and Make the Competition Irrelevant. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2005.
Kindeberger, C.P. Economic Development. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1958.
Koshal, R.K. “Economies of scale in bus transport II : Some Indian experience,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.4 (1970): 29-36.
Kraft, G. and Domenich, T.A. Free Transit. Lexington D.C. : Heath, 1970.
Kroes , E.P. and Sheldon , R.J.“Stated preference methods：an introduction,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy , no.22(1988):11-26.
Lancaster , K.J.“A new approach to consumer theory,” Journal of Political Economy , no.74(1966):132-157.
Largo, A.M., Mayworm, P. and McEnroe, J.M. “Transit service elasticities-evidence from demonstration and demand models,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.15 (1981): 99-119.
Lave, C. A. “The demand for urban mass transportation,” Review of Economics and Statistics, no.52 (1970): 320-3.
Lee, N. and Dalvi, M.Q.“Variations in the value of travel time,” Manchester School, no.37(1959): 213-36.
Lee. N. and Steedman, L.W. “Economies of scale in bus transport I : Some British municipal results,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.4 (1970): 15-28.
Lichfield, N. and Chapman, W. “Cost-benefit analysis and road proposals for a shopping centre – a case study : Edgware,” Journal of Transport, 1968.
Lipsey, R.G. and Lancaster, K. “The general theory of second best,” Review of Economic Studies, no.24 (1957): 11-32.
Little, I.M.D. and Mirrlees, J.A. Project Appraisal and Planning for Developing Countries. London: Heinemann, 1974.
Little, I.M.D. A Critique of Welfare Economics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1950.
Losch, A. The Economics of Location (New Haven: Conn., Yale University Press, 1954), 13.Quandt , R.E. and Baumol , W.J. , “The demand for abstract transport modes , theory and measurement,” Journal of Regional Science, no.6(1966) : 13-26.
Lugard, F.D. The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa. Edinburgh: Blackwoods, 1922.
Martin , D. J. “Low frequency traffic noise and building vibration ,” Transport and Road Research Laboratory Supplementary Report , SR , 429, 1978.
Mason, A. “Future Trends in Business Travel Decision Making,” Journal of Air Transportation, no.11(2002): 47-69.
McCubbins, M.D. “Abdication or Delegation?Congress the Bureaucracy, and the Delegation Dilemma,” Regulation, no.2(1999): 30- 37.
McGillivany , R.G.“Demand and choice models of models of modal split,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.4 (1970), 192-207.
McGowan, F. and Seabright, P. “The deregulation of European airlines,” Economic Policy, no.9(1989):283-344.
McGuire, M. and Gain, H.“The integration of equity and efficiency criteria in public project selection,” Economic Journal , no.79 (1969): 882-893.
McKinnon, A.C. Physical Distribution Systems. London: Routledge,1989.
Meyer, J. R., Peck, M. J., Stenason, J., and Zwick, C. The Economics of Competition in the Transportation Industries. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press,1959.
Meyer,J.R. and Gomez-Ibanez,J.A. “Transit bus privatization and deregulation around the world: some perspectives and lessons,” International Journal of Transport Economics,no.18(1991):231-258.
Millard, R.S. “Road development in the overseas territories,” Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, no.107(1959):270-291.
Millward, R. Public Expenditure Economics. Maidenhead: McGrawHill, 1971.
Mishan, E.J. “Second-thoughts on second best,” Oxford Economic Papers, no.14 (1962): 205-217.
Mishan, E.J. Cost-Benefit Analysis (3rd edition). London: Allen & Unwin, 1988.

Mogridge, M.J.H. “The effect of the oil crisis on the growth in the ownership and use of cars,” Transportation , no.7 (1978): 45-65.
Mohring, H. “Land values and the measurement of highway benefits,” Journal of Political Economy, no.69 (1961): 236-49.
Mohring, H. Transportation Economics. Cabridge, Mass: Ballinger, 1976.
Morlok, E.K. “Privatising bus transit: cost savings from competitive contracting,” Journal of the Transportation Research Forum, no.28(1987): 72-81.
Morrison, S. A. and Winston, C. The Economic Effects of Airline Deregulation. Washington: Brookings Institution, 1986.
Morrison, S. A. “A survey of road price,” Transportation Research, no.20a(1986): 87-97.
Moses, L.N. “Towards a theory of intraurban wage differentials and their influence on travel behaviour,” Papers of the Regional Science Association, no.9(1962): 53-63.
Munby, D. J. and Waston, A.H. Inland Transport Statisics Great Britain 1900-1970. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978.
Munby, D. L. “Mrs Castle’s transport policy,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.2(1968):135-173.
Musgrave, R.A. The Theory of Public Finance. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959.
Mutti, J. and Mural , Y.“Airline travel on the North Atlantic,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.11(1977): 45-53.
Nash, C.A. “Management objectives,fares and service levels in bus transport,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy,no.12(1987):70-85.
Nash, C.A. “The track costs issue – a comment,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.14 (1979): 113-116.

Nath, A.V. “The theory of blanced growth,” Oxford Economic Papers, no.14(1962):138-153.
Neuberger, H.L.I. “Perceived costs,” Environment and Planning, no.3(1971): 369-376.
Newbary , D. M. “Pricing and congestion : economic principles relevant to road pricing ,“ Oxford Review of Economic Policy , no.6 (1990): 22-38.
Newbery, D. M. “Road user charges in Britain,” Economic Journal (Conference Papers), no.90(1988):161-176.
Nijkamp, P. and van Delft , A. Multi-criteria Analysis and Regional Decision-Making (London: Martinus Nijhoff, 1977), 46.
Nijkamp, P. “Infrastructure and regional development: a multidimensional policy analysis,” Empirical Economics, no.11(1986):1-21.
Nilson ,J.E. “Second-best problems in railway infrastructure pricing and investment,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.26(1992):245-259.
O’Connor, A. M. Railways and Development in Uganda, Nairobi. London: Oxford University Press for the East African Institute of Social Research, 1965.
O’Sullivan, P. Geographical Economics. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1981.
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. Fighting Noise. Paris: OECD, 1991.
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. Transport and the Environment. Paris: OECD, 1988.
Ortuzar , J.de Dios and Willimsen , L.G. modeling Transport. London: John Wiley, 1990.
Oum , T.H., Gillen, D.W. and Noble, S.E.“Demand for fare class and pricing in airline markets,” Logistics and Transportation Review,no.22 (1986): 195-222.
Oum, T.H.,Waters , W.G. and Young , J. S. “Concepts of price elasticities of transport demand and recent empirical evidence,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, vol.26 (1992): 139-154.
Owen, W. Strategy for Mobility. Washington: Brooking Institution, 1964.
Owen, W. Transport and World Development. London: Hutchinson,1987.
Parker, P. A Way to Run a Railway. Haldane: Memorial Lecture, 1978.
Parkinson, M. The Effect of Road Investment on Economic Development in the UK. London: Government Economic Service Working Paper, No.43, 1981.
Peaker, A.“The allocation of investment funds between road and rail：a conversion factor linking financial and surplus rtes of return,” Public Finance , no.75 (1974): 683-735.
Pearce, D.W. and Nash ,C.A. The Social Appraisal of Projects-A Text in Cost-Benefit Analysis. London: Macmillan, 1983.
Pearce,D.W.and Turner ,R.K. Economics of Natural Resources and the Environment . Hamel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1990 .
Phifer , S.P. , Neven , A.J. and Hartgen , D.T.“Family reactions to energy constraints,” Transportation Research Board Conference Paper , Washington, 1980.
Pickrell , D.H. Urban Rail Transit Projects：Forecast Versus Actual Ridership and Costs. Cambridge , Mass.: US Department of Transportation, 1989.
Piga, C. A. and Filippi, N.“Booking and Flying with Low Cost Airlines,” Journal of Tourism Research, no.4(2002): 237-249.
Pigou, A. The Economics of Welfare. London: Macmillan, 1920.
Pitfield , D. and Whiteing , A.E.“Forecasting rail freight flows inBritain,” in International Railways Economics, ed., by K. J. Button and D. Pitfield , 9. Aldershot: Gower, 1985.
Prest , A.R. and Turvey, R.“Cost-benefit analysis-a survey,” Economic Journal , no.75(1965):,683-735.
Prest, A.R. Transport Economics in Developing Countries. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1969.
Price Commission. The Road Haulage Industry. London: HMSO House of Commons Paper HC 698, 1978.
Pucher, J. and Markstedt, A. “Consequences of public ownership and subsidies for mass transit : evidence from case studies and regression analysis,” Transportation, no.11 (1983): 323-345.
Quandt , R.E. (eds) The Demand for Travel：Theory and Measurement . Lexington: Heathlexington, 1970.
Quandt , R.E.“The theory of travel demand,” Transportation Research , no.10 (1976): 411-413.
Quandt , R.E. and Baumol , W.J.“The demand for abstract transport modes , theory and measurement,” Journal of Regional Science, no.6(1966) : 13-26.
Quarmby , D.A.“Choice of travel mode for the journey to work: some findings,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.1(1967): 273-374.
Quinet ,E. The Social Costs of Land Transport,Environment monograph N32. Paris:OECD, 1990.
Quinet, E.“Can we value the environment,” in Transport , the Environment and Sustainable Development , ed., by D. Banister and K.J. Button, 23. London: E. & F.N.Spon, 1993.
Rakowski, J. P. Transport Economics. Detroit: Gale Research Co, 1976.
Rees, A. and Shultz, G.P. Workers and Wages in an Urban Labour Market. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1970.
Reza, A.M. and Spiro, M.H. “The demand for passenger car transport services and for gasoline,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.13(1979): 304-319.
Richardson, H.W. The New Urban Economics and Alternatives. London: Pion, 1977.
Richardson, H.W. Urban Economics. Hinsdale: Dryden, 1978.

Rietveld, P. “ Infrastructure and regional development: a survey of multiregional economic models,” Annals of Reginal Science, no.23(1989):255-274.
Rostow,W.W. The Stages of Economic Growth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1960.
Rothenberg,J.“The economics of congestion and pollution :and integraph view,”American Economic Review ,Papers and Proceedings,no.60(1970):114-121.
Samuelson , P.A.“Evaluation of social income, capital formation and wealth,” in The Theory of Capital , ed., by F.A. Lutz and D.C. Hague, 243. London: St. Martins, 1961.
Schneider, L.M. “New era in transportation strategy,” Harvard Business Review, no.63 (March/April) (1985): 118-26.
Searle, G. “Comment – generalized cost: fool’s gold or useful currency?,” Transportation, no.7 (1978): 297-299.
Segal, M. Wages in the Metropolis. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1960.
Sharp, C. H. “The environmental impact of transport and the public interest,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.13(1979): 88-101.
Sharp, C. The Economics of Time. London: Routledge, 1981.
Sharp, C.H. “Transport and regional development with special reference to Britain,” Transport Policy and Decision Making, no.1(1980): 1-11.
Sharp,C.H. and Jennings , A. Transport and the Environment . Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1976.
Sherman, R. “A private ownership bias in transit choice,” American Economic Review, no. 77(1967): 1211-1217.

Shreiber , C.“The economic reasons for price and entry regulation of taxicabs,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.9 (1975): 268-279.
Simon , H.A . “Theories of decision-making in economics and behavioural sscience,” American Economic Review , no.49(1959):253-283.
Skitovsky , T.“A note on welfare propositions in economics,” Review of Economic Studies , no.9 (1941):77-88.
Slater,D.W. “Transportation and economic development: a survey of the literature,” in Royal Commission on National Passenger Transportation, Directions, Volume 3, Ottawa, Royal Commission on National Passenger Transportation, 1992.
Small, K. A. Urban Transport Economics. Chur: Harwood, 1992.
Small, K.A., Winston, C. and Evans, C.A. Road Works: A New Highway Pricing and Investment Policy. Washington: Brookings Institution, 1989.
Smith ,B.C., Leimkuhler ,J.F. and Darrow , R.M. “Yield management at American Airlines”, Interfaces, no.22(1992):8-31.
Smith, A. The Wealth of Nations. Harmondsworth: Penguin edition, 1970 reprint.
Smith, M.G. and McIntosh, P.T. “Fares elasticity; interpretation and estimation,” in Symposium on Public Transport Fare Structure, Transport and Road Research Laboratory Report, SR37UC, Crowthorne, 1974.
Smolensky , E., Tideman , T.N. and Nichols , D.,“The economics uses of congestion,” Papers of the Regional Science Associations,no.26(1971):37-52.
Stanley, P.A. and Farrington, J.H. “The need for rural public transport: a constraints-based case study,” Tijdschrift voor Economische en Societe Geografie, no.72(1981): 62-80.
Starkie, D.N.M.“Allocation of investment to inter-urban road and rail,” Regional Studies , no.13(1979):323-336.
Straszheim, M.R. “Airline demand functions on the North Atlantic and their pricing implications,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.12(1978): 179-95.
Sturmey ,S.G. Shipping Economics. London: Macmillan, 1975.
Sutton, J.C. “Transport innovation and passenger needs – changing perspectives on the role of dial – a ride systems,” Transport Reviews, no.7(1987): 167-82.
Talley, W.K., Agarwal, V.B. and Breakfield, J.W. “Economics of density of ocean tanker ships,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.20(1986): 91-99.
Talvitie, A.P.“A direct demand model for downtown work trips,” Transportation , no.2(1973) : 121-152.
Tanner, J.C. “An economic comparison of motorways with 2 or 3 lanes in each direction,” Road and Research Laboratory Report, LR. 203, 1968.
Tanner, J.C. “Long-term forecasting of vehicle ownership and road traffic,” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 141A (1978): 14-63.
Taplin, J.H.E. “A coherence approach to estimates of price elasticities in the vacation travel market,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.14 (1980): 19-35.
Teal, R.F., Mards, J.V. and Goodhue, R. “Subsidised shared – ride taxi service,” Paper Presented to the Transportation Research Board,1980.
Thall, G. Land Use and Urban Form: The Consumption Theory of Land Rent. New York: Methuen, 1987.
Thomas, S. “Non-working time savings in developing countries,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.13 (1979): 335-7.
Thomas, T.C. The Value of Time for Passenger Cars : An Experimental Study of Commuters’ Values. Washington: US Bureau of Public Roads, 1967.
Thompson, M. Moderm Transport Economics. London: HMSO, 1974.
Timberlake , R.S.“Traffic modeling techniques fo the developing world：case studies,” Transportation Research Record , no.1167 (1988): 28-34.

Tipping, D. “Time savings in transport studies,” Economic Journal, no.78 (1968): 843-54.
Tolifari, S. Button, K.J. and Pitfield, D., “Shipping costs and the controversy over open registry,” Journal of Industrial Economics, no.34(1986): 409-427.
Townroe, P.M. Industrial Location Decisions: A Study in Management Behaviour, Center for Urban and Regional Studies. Birmingham :University of Birmingham, 1971.
Train , K.E. Optimal Regulation: The Economic Theory of Natural Monopoly. Cambridge Mass.: MIT Press, 1991.
Transportation Research Board. “Transportation and Development Conference,” Transportation Research Record, no.1274(1990):1-23.
Truelove , P. Decision Making in Transport Planning. London:,Longman, 1992.
Tyson , W . J. “ A study of the effect of different bus fares in Greater Manchester ,” Chartered Institute of Transport Journal,no.37(1975):334-338.
UK Department of Transport. National Traffic Forecasts (Great Britain) 1989 . London: HMSO, 1989.
UK Department of Transport. Assessing the Environmental Impact of Road Schemes ,Report of the Standing Committee on Trunk Road Appraisal. London: HMSO, 1992.
UK Department of Transport. Report of the Advisory Committee on Trunk Road Assessment. London: HMSO, 1978.
UK Department of Transport. Report of the Inquiry into Lorries ,People and the environment. London: HMSO, 1980.
UK Department of Transport. Transport Policy, Cmnd 6836. London: HMSO, 1977.
UK House of Commons Select Committee on Nationalisced Industries. Report: British Railways. London: HMSO, 1960.
Van Es, J. and Ruijgrok, C.J. “Modal choice in freight transport,” in Transport Decisions in an Age of Uncertainty, ed., by E.J. Visser, 87. Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1974.
Vickerman , R.W.“ The Channel Tunnel : consequences for regional growth and development ,” Regional Studies , no.21（1987）: 187-197.
Vickerman, R.W. Spatial Economic Behavior . London: Macmillan, 1980.
Vickrey,W.“Congestion theory and transport investment, ”American Economic Review (Papers and Proceedings),no.59(1969):251-260.
Von Thunen, J.H. Der Isoline Staat in Beziehung auf National Konomie und Landwirkschaft, Stuttgart. Stuttgart : Gustav Fischer, 1966 reprint.
Wabe, J.S. and Coles, O.B. “The peak and off-peak demand for bus transport: a cross-sectional analysis of British municipal operations,” Applied Economics, no.7 (1975): 25-30.
Wallis, I.P. “Private bus operations in urban areas – their economics and role,” Traffic Engineering and Control, no.22(1980): 605—10.
Walters, A. A. The Economics of Road User Charges. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1968.
Walters, A.A. “The long and the short of transport,” Bulletin of the Oxford Institute of Economics and Statistics , no.27 (1965): 97-101.
Walters,A.A.“The theory and measurement of private and social costs of highway congestion ,”Economica,no.19(1961): 676-679.
Walters,A.A. The Economics of Road User Charges. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1968.
Waters , W. G. “ Rail cost analysis,” in International Railway Economics ed., by K. J. Button and D. E. Pitfield, 63. Aldershot: Gower, 1985.
Waters ,W.G. “Output dilmensions and joint costs ,” International Journal of Transport Economics ,no.7(1980):17-35.
Waters, W.G. “Values of travel time savings used in road project evaluation: a cross-country jurisdiction comparison,” Australian Transport Research Forum, Canberra, Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics, 1992.
Weber, A. Theory of the Location of Industry. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1926.
Wheation , W.C.“Price-induced distortions in urban highway investment,” Bell Journal of Economics , no.9 (1978): 622-632.
Whifen ,A.C.and Leonard,D.P.“A survey of traffic induced vibrations,” Road Research Laboratory Report,LR,418, 1971.
Whiston and Collins. “ Entry and Competitive Structure in Deregulated Airline Markets: An Event Study Analysis of People Express ,” Rand Journal of Economics, no.2(1992): 445-462.
White, P.R.“Travelcard tickets in urban public transport,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.15 (1981): 17-34.
Wildavsky , A.“The political economy of efficiency：cost-benefit analysis ,systems analysis and program budgeting,” Public Administration, no.26 (1996) : 292-293.
Williams, A.“Need as a demand concept (with special reference to health),” in Economic Policies and Social Goals, ed., by A.J. Culyer, 34. London: Martin Robertson, 1974.
Williams, M. and Hall. C.“Returns to scale in the United States intercity bus industry,” Regional Science and Urban Economics , no.11 (1981): 573-84.
Williams, M. “The economic justification for local bus transport subsidies,” International Journal of Transport Economics, no.8(1981): 79-88.
Wilson , G..W. “Towards a theory of transport and development,” in The Impact of Highway Investment on Development, ed., by G. W. Wilson , B.R. Bergmann , L.V. Hirsch and M.S. Klein, 336. Washington: Brookings Institute, 1966.
Wilson, A. G. , Hawkins , H. F. , Hill, G. J. and Wagon, D. J. “Calibration and testing of the SELNEC transport model ,” Regional Studies , no.3 (1969): 337-350.
Windle , R. and Dresner , M. ”The Impact of Low-Cost Carriers on Airport and Route Competition,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, no.1(1996): 309-328.
Windle, R. and Dresner, M. “Competitive Responses to Low Cost Carrier Entry,” Transportation Research, no.35(1999): 59-75.
Winston, C. “ Conceptual developments in the economics of transportation: an interpretive survey,” Journal of Economic Literature, no.23 (1985): 57-94.
Winston, C., Corsi, T. M., Grimm, C. M. and Evans, C. A. The Economic Effects of Surface Freight Deregulation. Washington: Brookings Institution, 1990.
Winston,C .,”Efficient transport infrastrucyure policy,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, no.5 (1991): 113-127.
Wiseman , J.“ The theory of public utility price-an empty box,’’ Oxford Economic Papers (New Series), no.9(1957): 56-74.
Wood , D.“Enviromental quality and value for money in British roads policy,” in Transport ,the Environment and Sustainable Development, ed., by D. Banister and K.J.Button, 209. London:,E.&F.N.Spon, 1993.
Ying, J.S. “On calculating cost elasticities,” Logistics and Transportation Review, no.28(1992):231-236.
Zahavi, Y. “Equilibrium between travel, demand, system supply and urban structure,” in Transport Decisions in an Age of Uncertainty, ed., by E.J. Visser, 96. Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1977.
Zerby, J.A and Conlon ,R.M. “And analysis of capacity utilization in liner shipping,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy , no.12(1978):27-46.