本研究在探討國內高科技廠商在選定資訊系統技術的開發時，對於該資訊技術或資訊產品的技術決策方式，係用技術取得方式、技術特性、及產品外因素三個構面，探討其技術取得決策的影響因素為研究主軸。

研究樣本以資訊電子業為主，每家公司分別探討資訊系統技術取得決策模式。研究結果顯示，國內高科技廠商在考慮資訊系統技術決策方式時，最優先考慮係採用「內部自行研發」，但在成本及資訊系統人員技術的專業度上有明顯的不足，受訪廠商初期透過內部自行研發方式，然後再透過外包技術授權取得技術，其主要原因是為了縮短研發時間及降低研發成本。

在資訊系統技術決策方式影響因素中，以外包技術的可獲得性最顯著。經作者深度訪談研究發現，國內廠商對於資訊系統技術決策方式是透過多管道進行的，外包技術方式與內部研發方式兩者並不必然是替代作用，而是形成互補作用。在外包技術決策中，「外包來源的可獲得性與迫切性」，成為一項很重要的因素，其為交易成本項目中各項成本的重要部份，整體言之，交易成本理論可以解釋廠商對於資訊系統決策方式之評估。

This research is to do a study on the technology sourcing strategy for the information technology or the technology of information products while the high-tech domestic corporations are choosing to develop the information system technology. These three strategies are: the way of technology sourcing, the characteristics of technology, and the factors that are beyond the products. To discuss the strategic affected factors while choosing the technology sourcing strategy is the main thesis.The information electronic industry is the main object in this research. Each corporation discusses for the mode of information system technology sourcing. The result shows that “the in-housing R&D ” is the priority to be considered while high-tech domestic corporations are thinking about information system technology sourcing. But the result also shows that professional knowledge in cost and in the information system technology personnel is insufficient. The studied corporations used the way of “in-housing R&D” at the beginning, and then they get the technology via outsourcing. The main reason for that is to shorten the period of research time and make the cost lower.

In the affected factors among the decided ways of information system technology, the most conspicuous way is the “availability of licensing-in”. The author through deeply interviewing with studied corporations found out that the technology sourcing strategies of information system are multi-channel. The “technology outsourcing” and “in-house R&D” are not substitute, however, are complementary. Among the technology sourcing strategies, “the availability and urgency of licensing-in” plays an important role, that is, the main part of transaction cost items of each cost. As a whole, transaction cost theory could explain the evaluation while the corporations are making the information system strategy.

【論文目錄】

中文摘要 6

英文摘要 7

誌謝辭 8

第一章 緒論 9

1.1 研究背景與動機--------------------------------------------------------9
1.2 研究目的----------------------------------------------------------------10
1.3研究架構-----------------------------------------------------------------11
1.4研究假設-----------------------------------------------------------------15
1.5研究流程-----------------------------------------------------------------16
1.6研究限制-----------------------------------------------------------------17
1.7論文架構-----------------------------------------------------------------18

第二章 文獻探討 19

2.1資訊系統----------------------------------------------------------------19
2.1.1資訊系統的定義-------------------------------------------20
2.1.2資訊系統的特性-------------------------------------------20
2.1.3資訊系統的種類-------------------------------------------21
2.1.4資訊系統的重要性----------------------------------------22
2.1.5資訊系統的企業觀點-------------------------------------23
2.1.6資訊系統的挑戰-------------------------------------------25

2.2資訊系統外包----------------------------------------------------------26
2.2.1資訊系統外包的定義-------------------------------------27
2.2.2資訊系統外包的特性-------------------------------------28
2.2.3資訊系統外包的優缺點----------------------------------29
產業資訊技術取得模式之研究 ----以高科技產業為例

2.2.4資訊系統外包決策考慮因素----------------------------31
2.2.5資訊系統外包成功因素----------------------------------32

2.3交易成本----------------------------------------------------------------33
2.3.1交易成本的定義-------------------------------------------34
2.3.2交易成本的特性-------------------------------------------36
2.3.3交易成本的項目-------------------------------------------36
2.3.4交易成本的應用-------------------------------------------38

2.4技術取得模式----------------------------------------------------------39
2.4.1技術取得模式的特性-------------------------------------39
2.4.2技術取得方式種類----------------------------------------40
2.4.3技術取得方式的決策因素-------------------------------40
2.4.4技術取得交易構面上之特色----------------------------41
2.4.5技術取得方式的考慮因素-------------------------------41

第三章 研究方法 43

3.1質化研究-------------------------------------------------------43
3.2樣本的選擇----------------------------------------------------44
3.3深入訪談-------------------------------------------------------44
3.4訪談資料蒐集的方法----------------------------------------46
3.5個案深入訪談的架構----------------------------------------47

產業資訊技術取得模式之研究 ----以高科技產業為例

第四章 資料分析 48

4.1個案深入訪談資料分析----------------------------------------------48
4.2資訊系統決策與技術取得分析-------------------------------------49
4.3資訊系統與技術特性分析-------------------------------------------54
4.4資訊系統與產品外因素分析----------------------------------------56

第五章 結論與建議 58

5.1研究結論----------------------------------------------------------------59
5.2研究建議----------------------------------------------------------------60

【參考文獻】 61

【附錄一】個案明細-------------------------------------------------------------67
【附錄二】個案基本資料規模分析-------------------------------------------68
【附錄三】個案基本資料-------------------------------------------------------69
【附錄四】訪談設計內容-------------------------------------------------------73
【附錄五】訪談記錄-------------------------------------------------------------76

產業資訊技術取得模式之研究 ----以高科技產業為例

【圖表目錄】

【圖1.1 】技術取得方式決策的概念圖-----------------------------------12
【圖1.2 】研究架構圖--------------------------------------------------------13
【圖1.3 】研究流程圖--------------------------------------------------------16
【表1.1 】變數定義與衡量方式--------------------------------------------14
【表3.1 】訪談資料架構表--------------------------------------------------47
【表4.1 】廠商實證調查後的優先順序表--------------------------------49
【表4.2 】統計公司技術研發開發方式表--------------------------------50
【表4.3 】統計公司接受國內外資訊系統技術授權原因--------------51
【表4.4 】技術取得分析表--------------------------------------------------52
【表4.5 】技術特性分析表--------------------------------------------------54
【表4.6 】產品外因素分析表-----------------------------------------------56

中文參考文獻：

1、 余兆祥(1992)，“軟體外包注意事項一「四兩撥千金」的贏家”，資訊與電腦，６月，PP.17-19.
2、 吳采菽，李建復(1991)，“90年代的服務業－資訊系統資源外包”，資訊與電腦，９月，PP.100-105.
3、 吳建東(1990)，“營建業電腦會計軟體購買決策行為之研究”，台灣大學商學研究所，未出版之碩士論文。
4、 林子銘，李淑芳，王文泰(1995)，“台灣地區銀行業資訊外包之決策因素初探”，第六屆國際資訊管理學術研討會論文集，５月，PP.327-333.
5、 周慶馨(1994)，“金融業務自動化系統開發外包可行嗎？”，資訊與電腦，６月，PP.54-55.
6、 政府機關資訊通報(1990)，“政府機關軟體包概況調查”，政府資訊通報，12月，PP.3-7.
7、 胡迪福(1991)，“設施管理”，資訊碟報，12月，PP.81-85.
8、 張一飛(1993)，“CIO該不該考慮資訊管理外包”，資訊與電腦，３月，PP.67-69.
9、 陳文哲(1986)，“外包作業，好處多多”，現代管理月刊，８月，PP.56-59.
10、 黃榕江(1992)．“走出封閉的象牙塔，解開使用者對軟體外包的心結”，資訊與電腦，６月，PP.20-21.
11、 于卓民、翁瑞聰(1995)，「中外技術授權權利金影響因素之研究」，1995產業科技研究發展管理實務案例暨論文研討會，台北：中國生產力中心。
12、 方世杰(1996)，「企業技術交易模式影響因素之研究」，台大商研所未出版博士論文。
13、 方世杰(1999)，「產研研發聯盟之廠商特質、技術移轉特性、互動機制與績效之研究」，管理學報，第十六卷，第四期，頁633-660。

產業資訊技術取得模式之研究 ----以高科技產業為例

14、 尹啟銘(1989)，「產品創新自由度、企業策略與技術政策之關係－台灣資訊電子業實證研究」，政大企研所未出版博士論文。
15、 呂鴻德(1992)，「技術策略、功能互動與新產品績效關係之研究－資訊電子業企業成長階段之模式」，台大商研所未出版博士論文。
16、 吳思華(1988)，產業政策與企業策略，台北：中國經濟企業研究所。俞慧芸(1995)，「政府科技專案技術移轉模式與移轉績效之研究──以台灣電子資訊產業為例」，中山大學企研所未出版博士論文。
17、 莊正民(1992)，「我國製藥工業技術引進策略選擇因素之研究」，多國籍企業研究學報，第十九期，頁149-190。
18、 曾紀幸(1996)，「多國籍企業在台子公司網路組織型態及其母公司管理機制選擇之關係」，政大企研所未出版博士論文。
19、 陳木榮(2000)，「從技術因素與交易成本觀點探討產業分工型態之決定──國際化下台灣資訊電子產業之實證」，政大企研所未出版博士論文。
20、 陳松柏(1996a)，「技術槓桿、研發資源與研發組合關係之研究──國內製藥業之實證」，政大企研所未出版博士論文。
21、 陳松柏、洪鉛財、許南添(1999)，「科專計劃之技術移轉案例：磁光碟片製作技術及Mini Disc量產評估」，1999產業科技研究發展管理實務案例暨論文研討會，台北：中國生產力中心。
22、 陳松柏(2000)，技術移轉的理論與實務，台北：華泰書局。
23、 陳怡之(1996)，「技術授權之決策── 台灣廠商技術授入之實證研究」，1996年科技管理研討會，台北：中華民國科技管理學會。
24、 劉平文(1995)，「技術策略、組織之技術資訊處理機能與技術能力關係之研究──國內資訊硬體工業之實證」，政大企研所未出版博士論文。賴士葆、謝龍發、曾淑婉、陳松柏(1997)，科技管理，國立空中大學出版，民86年7月。

產業資訊技術取得模式之研究 ----以高科技產業為例
英文參考文獻：
1. Baranson, Jack (1996), “Transfer of Technical Knowledge by International Corporations to Developing Economics,“ American Economic Review, May, pp.259-261.
2. Chakrabarti, A. K. & William E. S. (1987), “ Technology Innovation and Performancein Corporate Merges: A Managerial Evaluation,” Technovation, 6, pp.107-108.
3. Cortina, J. C. (1993), “ What is Coefficient Alpha? An Examination of Theory and Applications,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, pp.98-104.
4. Danila, N. (1989), “ Strategic Evaluation and Selection of R&D Projects,” R&D Management, 19(1).
5. Derakhshani, S. (1984), “ Factors Affecting Success in International Transfer of Technology,” The Developing Economics, 22, March,
6. Dieter, F. & Kazakoff Kathy (1997), “Getting IT Right,’ Australian Accountant (AAA), 67(10), Nov, pp.50-52.
7. Ford, D. (1988), “ Develop Your Technology Strategy,” Long Range Planning, 21(5).
8. Granstrand, O., Bohlin, E., Oskarsson, C. & Niklas Sjoberg, (1992), “ External Technology Acquisition in Large Multi-Technology Corporations,” R&D Management, 22(2), pp.112-115.
9. Noori, H. (1990), Managing the Dynamics of New Technology, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, pp.143-157.
10. Nunnally, J. C. (1967), Psychometric Theory, New York, McGraw-Hill.
11. Robbins, S. P. (1990), Organization Theory : Structure, Design, and Application, 3rd., New Jersey : Prentice-Hall Inc. pp.176-177.
12. Sharif, M. N. (1988), “Basis for Techno-Economic Policy Analysis,” Science and Public Policy, 15(4), Aug, pp.217-229.
13. Teece, D. J. (1997), “ Technology Transfer by the Multinational Firms: The Resource Cost of Transferring Technological Know-How,” The Economic Journal, 87, June, pp. 242-261
14. United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), (1973), Guidelines for the Acquisition of Foreign Technology in Developing Countries,
產業資訊技術取得模式之研究 ----以高科技產業為例
with Special Reference to Technology Licensing Agreement, United Nations Publication, ID/78.
15. World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Licensing Guide for Developing Countries, WIPO Publication No.620, VIII: 28.
16. Barney, J.B. and Baysinger, B., “The Organization of Schumpeterian Innovation”, in Lawless & Gomez-Mejia（eds）, Strategic Management in High Technology Firms, JAI Press Inc., 1990, pp.3-14.
17. Beecham, M.A. and Cordey-Hayes, M., “Partnering and Knowledge Transfer in the U.K. Motor Industry”, Technovation, 18(3), 1998, pp.191-205.
18. Canto, J.G. and Gonzalez, I.S., “A Resource-based Analysis of the Factors Determining a firm’s R&D Activities”, Research Policy, 28, 1999, pp.891-905.
19. Capon, N. and Glazer, R., “Marketing and Technology: A Strategic Coalignment”, Journal of Marketing, 51, July 1987, pp.1-14.
20. Child, J., “Managerial and Organizational Factors Associated with Company Perfornance”, Journal of Management Studies, 11, 1974, pp.13-27.
21. Cusumano, M.A. and Elenkov, D., “Linking International Technology Transfer with Strategy and Management: A Literature Commentary”, Research Policy, 23, 1994, pp.195-215.
22. Farr, C.M. and Fischer, W.A., “Managing International High Technology Cooperative Projects”, R&D Management, 22(1), 1992, pp.55-67.
23. Govindarajan, V., “Implementing competitive strategies at the business unit level: Implications of matching managers to strategies”, Strategic Management Journal, 10(3), 1989, pp.251-269.
24. Graham, M., “Corporate research and development: The latest transformation”, Technology in Society, 7, 1985, pp.179-196.
25. Hagedoorn, J. and Schakenraad, J., “The effect of strategic technology alliances on company performance”, Strategic Management Journal, 15(4), 1994, pp.291-309.
26. Hambrick, D.C. and Mason, P.A., “Upper Echelons: The Organization as a Reflection of its Top Executives”, Academy of Management Review, 9(2), 1984, pp.193-206.
27. Heilmeier, G.H., “Room for whom at the top? Promoting technical literacy in
產業資訊技術取得模式之研究 ----以高科技產業為例
the executive suite”, Research-Technology Management, 36(6), 1993, pp.27-32.
28. Hitt, M.A. and Tyler, B.B., “Strategic Decision Models: Integrating Different Perspectives”, Strategic Management Journal, 12(5), 1991, pp.327-351.
29. Inkpen, A.C. and Beamish, P.W., “Knowledge, Bargaining Power and the Instability of International Joint Ventures”, Academy of Management Review, 22, 1997, pp.177-202.
30. Joe, T. and Martin J.T., "Organizational and technological antecedents for knowledge acquisition and learning", R&D Management, 27, 1997, pp.359-375.
31. Kogut, B. and Zander, U., “Knowledge of the Firm and Evolutionary Theory of the MNCS”, Journal of International Business Studies, Fourth Quarter, 1993, pp.625-645.
32. Link, A., Tassey, G. and Zmud, R.W., “The Induce versus Purchase Decision: An Empirical Analysis of Industrial R&D”, Decision Sciences, 14, 1983, pp.46-61.
33. Parkhe, A., “Strategic Alliance Structuring: A Game Theoretic and Transaction Cost Examination of Inter-firm Cooperation”, Academy of Management Journal, 36(4), 1993, pp.794-829.
34. Pisano, G.P., “The R&D Boundaries of the Firm: An Empirical Analysis”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), 1990, pp.153-176.
35. Robertson, T.S. and Gatignon, H., “Technology Development Mode: A Transaction Cost Conceptualization”, Strategic Management Journal, 19, 1998, pp.515-531.
36. Robinson, R.D., The International Transfer of Technology: Theory, Issues, and Practies, Ballinger Publishing Company, 1988.
37. Sakakibara, M., “Heterogeneity of Firm Capabilities and Cooperative Research and Development: An Empirical Examination of Motives”, Strategic Management Journal, 18, 1997, pp.143-164.
38. Sen, F. and Rubenstein, H., “An Exploration of Factors Affecting the Integration of In-House R&D with External Technology Acquisition Strategies of a Firm”, IEEE Transaction on Engineering Management, 37(4), Nov. 1990, pp.246-258.
39. Shan, W., “An Empirical Analysis of Organization Strategies by Entreprenurial High-technology Firms”, Strategic Management Journal, 11, 1990, pp.129-139.

產業資訊技術取得模式之研究 ----以高科技產業為例
40. Sharif, M.N., “Problems, Issues and Strategies for S&T Policy Analysis”, Science and Public Policy, 15(4), 1988a, pp.195-216.
41. Sharif, M.N., “Basis of Techno-Economic Policy Analysis”, Science and Public Policy, 15(4), 1988b, pp.217-229.
42. Steensma, H.K., “Acquiring Technological Competencies Through Inter-Organizational Collaboration: An Organizational Learning Perspective”, Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 12, 1996, pp.267-286.
43. Teece, D.J., “Competition, Cooperation and Innovation Organizational Arrangements for Regimes of Rapid Technological Progress”, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 18, 1992, pp.1-25.
44. Tyler, B.B. and Steensma, H.K., “The Effects of Executive’s Experiences and Perceptions on Their Assessment of Potential Technological Alliances”, Strategic Management Journal, 19, 1998, pp.939-965
45. .Walsh, J.P., “Managerial and organizational cognition: Notes from a trip down memory lane”, Organization Science, 3, 1995, pp.280-321.