本實驗目的為探討一維介電質光柵結構在金薄膜基板上的雙折射率，而此結構則類似於單光軸晶體結構，有Δneff 的雙折射性，因介電質層與金屬層介面有表面電漿波的本徵態，入射光藉由ㄧ維光柵所提供的動量，讓入射光與表面電漿波達到相位匹配，使得入射光能耦合產生表面電漿波，因表面電漿波有著奇異的色散關係，導致此結構有極大非等向性，在黃金薄膜上的表面電漿波有著獨特的色散關係，讓 值對於不同特定波長則會有正負值的特殊差異性。
我們利用光學偏振特性量測數據，選用量測雷射波長為632nm 跟515nm，經由量測得到stokes vector 四個向量參數，再將其數據點在邦加球上定點描繪，進而比較探討兩個波長的 Δneff 值差異性，經由我們量測實驗數據顯示，ㄧ維光柵結構在PMMA stripe:Air gap=1:1 時，有相對極大的Δneff 值產生。

The birefringence of one-dimension PMMA surface gratings on a gold film substrate is investigated. The grating served as a coupler to facilitate the incoming light coupled to surface plasmon wave (SPW) which possesses high propagation wave vector. Since surface plasmon waves(SPWs) have a special dispersion relation, the birefringence Δneff (Δneff =nx-ny, where grating k-vector is along x axis) of this structure is relatively large and can be changed from positive to negative by changing the operation wavelength.
The obtained the four Stokes parameters at 515nm and 633nm are marked on the Poincare sphere. Δneff is
2π/7 and -π/8 at 515nm and 633nm respectively. Further, by
changing the form factor of PMMA gratings, we found that the maximum Δneff occurred when PMMA stripe width : air gap=1:1.

誌謝…………………………………………………………………………………..…..i
中文摘要...........................................................................................................................ii
英文摘要………………………………………………………………………………..iii
目錄……………………………………………………………………………………..iv
表目錄…………………………………………………………………………………..vi
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………………….vii
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………………………….1
1-1 前言……………………………………………………………………………..1
1-2 研究目的………………………………………………………………………...1
1-3 論文架構………………………………………………………………………...2
第二章 表面電漿波…………………………………………………………………….3
2-1 表面電漿波原理………………………………………………………………..3
2-1-1 表面電漿波色散關係……………………………………………………….3
2-1-2 表面電漿波共振現象……………………………………………………….8
2-1-3 表面電將波激發架構……………………………………………………...10
2-2 非等向性結構色散關係………………………………………………………21
第三章 基本原理概念………………………………………………………………...24
3-1 光波的偏振原理與表示法……………………………………………………..24
3-2 瓊斯向量(Jones vector)………………………………………………………….27
3-3 史托克參數 (Stokes Parameters)………………………………………………27
3-4 邦加球…………………………………………………………………………..30
第四章 樣品製作與光學偏振特性量側架構………………………………………...34
4-1 金屬薄膜上ㄧ維光柵製作……………………………………………………..34
4-2 偏振特性量測架構與步驟……………………………………………………..35
4-3 數據理論計算…………………………………………………………………..38
第五章 實驗結果與討論……………………………………………………………...37
5-1 實驗結果與分析………………………………………………………………..43
5-2 結論總結………………………………………………………………………..51
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………….52

[1] William L. Barnes, Alain Dereux and Thomas W. Ebbesen, ” Surface plasmon subwavelength optics, ” Nature 424, pp.824-830, 2003.
[2] R. W. Wood, “On a remarkable case of uneven distribution of light in a different grating spectrum, ” Philos. Mag., 4, pp.396-402 , 1902.
[3] Z. Jacob, L. V. Alekseyev and E. E. Narimanov, “Optical Hyperlens: far-field imaging beyond the diffraction limit, ” Opt. Express 14, pp.8247-8256 , 2006.
[4] Z. Liu, H. Lee, Y. Xiong, C. Sun and X. Zhang, “Far-field optical hyperlens magnifying sub-diffraction-limited objects, ” Science 315, pp.1686 , 2007.
[5] I. I. Smolyaninov, Y. J. Hung and C. C. Davis, “Magnifying superlens in the visible frequency range, ” Science 315, pp.1699–1701 , 2007.
[6] J. B. Pendry, “Negative refraction makes a perfect lens, ” Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, pp.3966-3969, 2000.
[7] V. G. Veselago, “ The electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously negative values of ε and μ, ” Sov. Phys. Usp 10, pp509-514, 1968.
[8] Stefan Alexander Maiere, “Plasmonics:Fundamentals and Applications, ” Springer, pp.20-26, 2007
[9] 吳民耀, 劉威志, “表面電漿子理論與模擬, ”物理雙月刊 28, pp.486-496, 2006.
[10] 邱國斌, 蔡定平, “金屬表面電漿簡介, ”物理雙月刊 28, pp.472-485, 2006.
[11] J. P. Kottmann and Olivier. J. F. Martin, ” Plasmon resonances of silver nanowires with a nonregular cross section, ”Phys. Rev. B 64, 235402, 2001.
[12] A.Yariv and P. Yeh, Photonics:optical electronics in modern communications, Oxford, pp. 194-204, 2005.
[13] Z. Jacob and E. E. Narimanov, “Optical hyperspace for plasmons: Dyakonov states in metamaterials, ” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 221109 , 2008.
[14] L. Feng, Z. Liu, V. Lomakin and Y. Fainman, “Form birefringence metal and its plasmonic anisotropy, ” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 041112 , 2010.
[15] H. Wang, “Excitation of surface plasmon oscillations at an interface between anisotropic dielectric and metallic media, ” Optical Material 4, pp. 651-656, 1995.
[16] E. Hecht, “Optics, ” Addison Wesley, 4th edition, pp. 325-360, 2002.
[17] A.Yariv and P. Yeh, “Photonics:optical electronics in modern communications, ” Oxford, 6th edition, pp. 194-204, 2005.