本研究以不同二甲醚進氣量(以10 L為單位，由0 L/min增加至60 L/min)為輔助燃料與柴油混合，測試柴油引擎之醛酮類化合物(穩態1600 rpm、145 Nm條件之下)共8種醛酮之採樣及分析，並討論柴油引擎性能及醛酮類化合物之臭氧生成潛勢(OFP)。

傳統污染物之排放結果，CO、THC及PM之排放將隨著二甲醚添加量增加排放量呈上升趨勢，NOX之排放則隨著進氣量增加從每分鐘10 L、20 L、30 L、40 L、50 L及60 L其削減率分別為6.8%、8.3%、10.0%、10.6%、13.1%及15.4%，顯示二甲醚可降低NOX之排放。

不同二甲醚添加量對總醛酮化合物排放之影響，從進氣量0 L、10 L、20 L、30 L、40 L、50 L及60 L其濃度分別為2507.44 mg/m3、2665.27 mg/m3、2726.67 mg/m3、2958.07 mg/m3、4645.87 mg/m3、5470.20 mg/m3及7279.91 mg/m3；其排放係數為143.58 mg/bhp-hr、152.65 mg/bhp-hr、156.62 mg/bhp-hr、168.69 mg/bhp-hr、266.22 mg/bhp-hr、312.38 mg/bhp-hr及416.36 mg/bhp-hr，顯示二甲醚的添加將造成柴油引擎醛酮類化合物排放增加。

以柴油為基礎燃油(0 L/min)加以氣體二甲醚進氣量(10、20、30、40、50及60 L/min)為柴油燃料之混合添加物，臭氧生成潛勢之影響隨著進氣量增加總臭氧生成潛勢分別為21945.93 mg-O3/m3、23698.40 mg-O3/m3、24427.46 mg-O3/m3、26672.98 mg-O3/m3、42683.69 mg-O3/m3、50519.26 mg-O3/m3及67710.60 mg-O3/m3，臭氧生成強度由無添加(0 L)之8.75上升至60 L之9.30。

In this research, used dimethyl ether as second fuel blended with diesel (mixed quantity with 10 L/min to 60 L/min, interval 10L/min), which test behavior of diesel engine and carbonyls emission investigated. The engine operated at steady-state condition of 1600 rpm, 145 Nm torque , eight kinds of carbonyls were sampling and analysis, and discuss the performance of the ozone formation potential (OFP).

The results of regulated pollutant emissions, CO, THC and PM emission could increasing with the addition of DME, NOX emissions, along with the mixed rate of per minute from 10 L, 20 L, 30 L, 40 L, 50 L and 60 L of its reduction rate was 6.8%、8.3%、10.0%、10.6%、13.1% and 15.4%, shows that the DME can reduce NOX emissions.

Add a various amount of dimethyl ether , which carbonyl compounds emission from the gas flow 0 L(with neat diesel), 10 L, 20 L, 30 L, 40 L, 50 L and 60 L concentrations were 2507.44 g/m3, 2665.27 g/m3, 2726.67 g/m3, 2958.07 g/m3, 4645.87 g/m3, 5470.20 g/m3 and 7279.91 g/m3; the emission factor of 143.58 mg/bhp-hr, 152.65 mg/bhp-hr, 156.62 mg/bhp-hr, 168.69 mg/bhp-hr, 266.22 mg/bhp-hr, 312.38 mg/bhp-hr and 416.36 mg/bhp-hr, shows the addition of DME will rising the carbonyl compound emissions of diesel engine.

Gas of dimethyl ether (10,20,30,40,50 and 60 L/min) into the neat diesel fuel (0 L/min) as a mixture fuel additives, the effect of ozone formation potential as increase in the total ozone formation potential, 21945.93 g-O3/m3, 23698.40 g-O3/m3, 24427.46 g-O3/m3, 26672.98 g-O3/m3, 42683.69 g-O3/m3, 50519.26 g-O3/m3 and 67710.60 g-O3/m3 respectively, and ozone manufacturability will 0 L/min of 8.75 increased to 60 L/min of 9.30.

致謝 I
摘要 II
ABSTRACT III
目錄 V
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 IX
附表目錄 XI
附圖目錄 XII

第一章 前言 1-1
1.1 研究緣起 1-1
1.2 研究目的 1-3

第二章 文獻回顧 2-1
2.1 能源 2-1
2.1.1 全球能源供需趨勢 2-1
2.1.2 國內能源供需概況 2-3
2.1.3 柴油引擎常用之燃料 2-5
2.2 柴油引擎 2-16
2.2.1 柴油引擎簡介 2-16
2.2.2 柴油引擎的運轉過程 2-17
2.2.3 柴油引擎之燃燒過程 2-19
2.3 醛酮化合物 2-22
2.3.1 醛酮化合物之特性 2-22
2.3.2 醛酮化合物之來源 2-23
2.3.3 醛酮化合物之轉化反應 2-25
2.3.4 醛酮化合物之毒性特徵 2-27
2.4 污染排放 2-32
2.4.1 引擎之傳統污染物排放特徵 2-32
2.4.2 引擎之醛酮化合物排放特徵 2-40
2.4.3二甲醚生成甲醛之研究 2-45
2.4.4 引擎之排放因子與污染物之關係 2-46

第三章 研究方法與步驟 3-1
3.1 研究架構與流程 3-1
3.2實驗流程規劃 3-2
3.3 採樣方法與設備 3-4
3.3.1 柴油引擎 3-4
3.3.2 測功機 3-4
3.3.3 低流量空氣採樣器 3-5
3.3.4 吸附管(Cartridge) 3-6
3.3.5 柴油 3-7
3.3.6 二甲醚 3-8
3.3.7 流量計 3-9
3.4 污染物檢測及採樣程序 3-10
3.5 分析設備及程序 3-13
3.6 Carbonyls分析之品質保證與品質控制 3-14
3.6.1 空白試驗 3-14
3.6.2 方法偵測極限 3-14
3.6.3 檢量線之配置 3-15
3.6.4 準確度 3-15
3.6.5 精密度(RSD) 3-16
3.7 臭氧生成潛勢 3-20

第四章 結果與討論 4-1
4.1 以二甲醚與柴油混合對引擎性質之影響 4-1
4.1.1 以二甲醚與柴油混合對柴油引擎耗能之影響 4-1
4.1.2 以二甲醚與柴油混合對柴油引擎熱能消耗之影響 4-4
4.1.3 以二甲醚與柴油混合對引擎制動熱效率性質之影響 4-6
4.2 以二甲醚與柴油混合對傳統污染物排放之影響 4-9
4.2.1以二甲醚與柴油混合對一氧化碳(CO)排放之影響 4-9
4.2.2 以二甲醚與柴油混合對氮氧化合物(NOX)之影響 4-10
4.2.3 以二甲醚與柴油混合對碳氫化合物(THC)排放之影響 4-13
4.2.4 以二甲醚與柴油混合對懸浮微粒(PM)排放之影響 4-15
4.2.5 文戲回顧與研究結果異同之探討 4-18
4.3 以二甲醚與柴油混合對柴油引擎醛酮類化合物排放影響 4-20
4.3.1 以二甲醚與柴油混合對柴油引擎總醛酮化合物之影響 4-20
4.3.2 以二甲醚與柴油混合對醛酮類化合物排放比例之影響 4-22
4.3.3 以二甲醚與柴油混合對柴油引擎甲醛排放之影響 4-24
4.3.4 以二甲醚與柴油混合對乙醛排放之影響 4-26
4.3.5 以二甲醚與柴油混合對柴油引擎丙烯醛排放之影響 4-29
4.3.6 以二甲醚與柴油混合對柴油引擎丙酮排放之影響 4-32
4.3.7 以二甲醚與柴油混合對柴油引擎丙醛排放之影響 4-35
4.3.8 以二甲醚與柴油混合對柴油引擎2-丁烯醛排放之影響 4-38
4.3.9 以二甲醚與柴油混合對柴油引擎丁醛排放之影響 4-41
4.3.10 以二甲醚與柴油混合對柴油引擎苯醛排放之影響 4-44
4.4 以二甲醚與柴油混合對醛酮化合物臭氧生成潛勢之影響 4-48

第五章 結論與建議 5-1
5.1 結論 5-1
5.2 建議 5-3

參考文獻 參-1
附錄A 附A-1
附錄B 附B-1
附錄C 附C-1

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