本研究主要以某石化廠製程含揮發性有機物(VOCs)廢氣之處理方式進行研究，包括探討蓄熱式焚化爐(RTO)及再生式活性碳纖維(FAC)吸附槽等污染防制設備對排氣揮發性有機廢氣之處理效能。製程中含VOCs廢氣先進行源頭減量，依溶劑回收特性進行分流，不適合回收之VOCs廢氣引入RTO焚化處理；適合回收VOCs之廢氣則導入FAC吸附並回收溶劑。各製程廢氣在進入污染防制設備前皆先經水洗塔吸收水溶性VOCs，以降低VOCs含量，減輕污染防制設備之負荷。
本研究之RTO為一雙槽式，蓄熱床尺寸為1.3m(L)×1.5m(W) ×1.7m(H)，填充材為蜂槽式陶瓷，處理12個製程排氣。廢氣VOCs組成主要為甲醇及甲醛，在加熱區溫度設定Tset=870oC、進氣流量為50 NCMM (Nm3/min)、氣體經爐床之空塔滯留時間為0.75-1 s、閥門切換時間為2 min之操作條件下，VOCs之平均去除率均可達95%以上，符合現行環保法規之標準；然因蓄熱床老舊致氣體穿流(channeling)，熱回收率僅可達85%。在操作費用方面，每處理1000 Nm3廢氣所需燃料費為新台幣85元，操作電費則約25元；RTO在加熱區溫度設定870℃、進氣流量為50 m3/min之操作條件下，以液化天然氣(LNG)取代液化石油氣(LPG)當輔助燃料，經測試可節省燃料費約25%。
再生式活性碳纖維槽(FAC)為一三槽式，每槽FAC重量為40 kg，利用二槽吸附、一槽進行蒸氣脫附之方式交錯循環再生使用，主要處理製程廢氣中含相當於1000-3000ppm (asCH4)二甲苯之VOCs。在設定FAC槽入口風量為20-30 NCMM、操作溫度20-30℃、吸附時間30 min、脫附時間20 min、脫附槽溫度為100℃之操作條件下， VOCs經碳纖維槽之去除率>98%，測試脫附溶劑為8 kg/(hr.槽)，吸附率約20%，蒸汽使用質量/回收溶劑量≒8.1。

This study aimed at the treatment improvement for waste gases containing VOCs (volatile organic compounds) in a petrochemical plant located at southern Taiwan. Performances of a regenerated thermal oxidizer (RTO) for the removal of VOCs not suitable for recovery were investigated, and those of a fiber activated carbon (FAC) for the recovery of xylenes from one of the gas streams were tested. Gases directed to the RTO are scrubbed with scrubbers to remove some water-soluble VOCs and thus decrease their loadings to the RTO.
Twelve gas streams are directed to the RTO which has two beds with each having an inner empty-bed dimension of 1.3m(L)×1.5m(W) ×1.7m(H). The beds are packed with ceramic cubes with honey-comb channels for gas flow. Methanol and formaldehyde are two main components in the gas streams. Results from the performance study indicate that an average VOC removal of over 95% was obtained with operation conditions of an influent gas flow rate of 50 Nm3/min, a setting incineration temperature of 870oC, empty-bed retention times of 0.75-1.00 s through each bed, a valve-shifting time of 2.0 min. Although the performance meets the regulations as set by the Environmental Protection Administration of Taiwan, the heat recovery of the RTO was less than 85% due to the channeling gas flow through the partially-damaged bed packing material. For treating an influent gas volume of 1000 Nm3, the operation costs were NTD 85 and 25 for supplemental fuel (liquefied petroleum gas, LPG) and electricity, respectively. Tests indicate that with LNG (liquefied nature gas) instead of LPG, an supplemental fuel cost saving of 25% could be achieved.
A gas stream with flow rates of 20-30 Nm3/min and xylene concentrations of 1000-3000 ppm (expressed as methane equivalent) was directed to the FAC with three beds and each packed with 40 kg fiber activated carbon. Two beds connected in series were used for VOC adsorption operated at 20-30oC and with a service time of 30 min and the third was for VOC desorption operated at 100oC and with a duration of 20 min. Results indicate that the system had a VOC adsorption of 98% and 8 kg of stream was required for recovering 1 kg of xylene.

誌謝…………………………………………………………………....i
中文摘要…………………………………………………..………..…ii
Abstract…………………………………………….….……………...iii
目錄……………………………………………………………….......iv
表目錄……………………………………………………………....…viii
圖目錄……………………………...………………………………....x
第一章緒論………………………………..………….….……....…..1
1-1前言………...……………..…………………....…..……..1
1-2揮發性有機物特性及改善之必要性……....….......……..2
1-3 研究動機……………....………………………...…..…...4
第二章文獻回顧……………………………..…..……………..…....5
2-1揮發性有機物主要來源…………………...…....…...……5
2-2石化工業空氣污染排放源及廢氣特性…...……......….…5
2-3石化業製程VOC減量技術……………..........................8
2-4揮發性有機物廢氣控制技術………...…………....……..10
2-5特定化學物質污染物控制技術………...………….....….23
2-5-1甲醛污染物控制技術…………..…....….….….…..23
2-5-2酸性污染物控制技術……....………………...…....23
2-6蓄熱式焚化處理技術探討……..…………….....…….....24
2-6-1 進氣VOC濃度……………………....……........…25
2-6-2 蓄熱式焚化爐處理流程…………...………...…...29
2-6-3 蓄熱材質之篩選………..……….………....….....30
2-6-4 設置費用估算……………….....……………....…32
2-6-5國內RTO研究案例…………....…….……........…33
2-7活性碳吸附處理技術探討……………….....……....…..34
2-7-1活性碳簡介…...……………………..….….....…..34
2-7-2 活性碳對不同VOC適用性…....…………...........36
2-7-3 活性碳吸附原理……………………....…....….…38
2-7-4 活性碳吸附設備簡介……...………….…....…….39
2-7-5 活性碳吸附槽設計參考數據…...…....……...…..40
2-7-6 活性碳吸附操作注意事項………….....………….41
第三章研究設備與方法…………..……………………….…..…...43
3-1研究設備…………………………....……….…............43
3-1-1 實場RTO……………………..……..……...........30
3-1-2 實場再生式活性碳纖維吸脫附槽……..…....…...46
3-2 研究內容……………………...………….....…....….…49
3-2-1 蓄熱式焚化爐操作方法…………..…......……….50
3-2-2再生式活性碳纖維吸脫附槽之操作方法…..........52
3-3 分析方法…………………...……….……….…..…......55
3-3-1蓄熱式焚化爐檢測方法………………….....…....55
3-3-2再生式活性碳纖維吸脫附槽檢測方法…….....….55
第四章結果與討論………………………………...………....…....56
4-1 C廠製程排放VOCs成分分析及處理方式…...............56
4-2 蓄熱式焚化爐操作現況……………….……....…...…..57
4-2-1 定操作條件下對VOCs去除效率探討.…...........57
4-2-2 RTO之理論發熱量…………….………...…...….68
4-2-3系統之熱回收率 …………….....………………...69
4-2-4 RTO操作費用估算…………....…………….…...71
4-2-4-1 燃料費用分析比較………………......…..…..71
4-2-4-2 主風車操作費用……………..……......……..72
4-3再生式活性碳纖維吸脫附槽操作………...…..…….….73
4-3-1定操作條件下對VOCs去除效率探討….….....….73
4-3-2活性碳纖維之吸附能力..………...……...……....75
第五章結論……………………………………….…...……….…..76
5-1蓄熱式焚化爐…………………………..….…………....76
5-2再生式活性碳纖維吸附槽………………....…………...77
參考文獻……………….….……………………..................…....78
附錄一 RTO VOC試驗數據…………………………...……...…..82
附錄二 再生式活性碳纖維吸脫附槽VOC試驗數據…………......99
附錄三 燃料牌價&熱值比較……………………...…………......103

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