因應MIMO技術對於5G通訊系統的重要性，本論文提出可應用於行動通訊及區域網路之8 x 8 MIMO系統手機雙頻八天線設計，此設計因為可應用於行動及區域網路，使得手機在任何時間、任何地點皆能使用。並且，透過將手機植入八天線，使得手機在有限頻寬下運用MIMO技術可以大幅增加頻譜效率。天線操作頻帶涵蓋3.5 GHz (3.4~3.6 GHz)及5.8 GHz (5.725~5.875 GHz)的雙頻操作，雙頻八天線設計為四組雙天線結構組成，分別配置於手機兩長側邊，且天線所需接地面淨空區僅需1 mm寬度，符合大螢幕智慧型手機的需求，同時，一組雙天線結構僅佔邊框面積7 x 17.5 mm2，可於3.5/5.8 GHz頻帶的天線效率均大於45%和60%，且天線之間的ECC也均小於0.2，此外，兩組雙天線結構總長度為50 mm，僅約為3.5 GHz的0.6波長。接著，以Shannon提出的通道容量公式進行分析MIMO資料傳輸速度上限，並針對通道容量公式進行簡化、探討及分析其物理意義，並解釋本論文天線設計經計算後的通道容量之物理意義。最後，將此雙頻八天線手機於一般室內環境下測試MIMO效能，結果顯示在3.5/5.8 GHz頻帶於一般室內環境皆可達到2.7 Gbps以上的吞吐量，驗證此雙頻八天線手機在未來5G通訊系統中的可行性。

For the Massive MIMO (Multi-input Multi-output) operation in the fifth-generation (5G) communications, eight MIMO antennas embedded in the smartphone for 8 x 8 MIMO operation are presented. To achieve seamless wireless connection, the eight antennas are designed to cover the 3.5 GHz band for mobile communication and the 5.8 GHz band for wireless local area network operation. The eight dual-band MIMO antennas for the 3.5/5.8-GHz operation are formed by four two-antenna building blocks, which are disposed along two long side edges of the system ground plane in the smartphone. The ground clearance of the two-antenna building block is 1 mm only, which is promising for practical application in the smartphone with a large display panel. In addition, the two-antenna building block has a compact planar structure of size 7 × 17.5 mm2. The antenna efficiency of the eight antennas is respectively larger than 45% and 60% in the 3.5 and 5.8 GHz bands, and the ECC is less than 0.2 between any two antennas thereof. Moreover, the total length of two two-antenna building block is only 50 mm, which is about 0.6 wavelength at 3.5 GHz. To analyze the upper bound on the data throughput, the Shannon channel capacity and its physical concept are studied. The data throughput has been found to reach over 2.7 Gbps in the experimental testing for the smartphone with the proposed eight 3.5/5.8-GHz MIMO antennas in an indoor environment. The obtained results indicate that the proposed MIMO antennas are promising for applications in the fifth-generation communications.

論文審定書i
致謝 ii
中文摘要 iii
英文摘要 iv
目錄 v
圖次 vii
表次 ix
第一章 序論 (Introduction)
1.1 研究動機1
1.2 文獻導覽2
1.3 論文提要3
第二章 5G手機之3.5/5.8-GHz MIMO 雙頻八天線設計 (Eight 3.5/5.8-GHz Dual-Band MIMO Antennas for the 5G Smartphone)
2.1 雙頻八天線結構及技術原理說明5
2.2 雙頻八天線實驗結果分析12
2.3 延伸設計15
2.4 心得與討論19
第三章 MIMO通道容量及物理概念探討 (MIMO Channel Capacity and Physical Concept)
3.1 通道容量近似公式推導21
3.2 通道容量公式分析及物理概念探討25
3.3 雙頻八天線MIMO通道容量計算 29
第四章 雙頻八天線MIMO效能量測分析 (Measured MIMO Performance of Eight Dual-Band MIMO Antennas)
4.1 MIMO天線量測系統說明31
4.2 八天線MIMO通道容量及吞吐量量測結果35
4.3 心得與討論45
第五章 結論 (Conclusions)46
參考文獻 (References)48
著作表 (Publication List)50

[1] http://www.3gpp.org/news-events/3gpp-news/1787-ontrack_5g, 3GPP.
[2] http://www.keysight.com/main/editorial.jspx?cc=TW&lc=cht&ckey=2366375&nid=-32865.0&id=2366375, KEYSIGHT.
[3] 盧俊諭, “智慧型手機之小型化MIMO八天線陣列研究,” 國立中山大學電機工程學系2016碩士論文
[4] M. S. Sharawi, “Printed multi-band MIMO antenna systems and their performance metrics,” IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., vol. 55, pp. 218-232, Oct. 2013.
[5] A. Cihangir, F. Ferrero, G. Jacquemod, P. Brachat, and C. Luxey, “Neutralized coupling elements for MIMO operation in 4G mobile terminals,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 13, pp. 141-144, 2014.
[6] S. W. Su, C. T. Lee, and F. S. Chang, “Printed MIMO-Antenna system using neutralization-line technique for wireless USB-dongle applications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 60, pp. 456-463, Feb. 2012.
[7] B. R. Hsiao, Y. A. Chen, and W. J. Liao, “LTE MIMO antennas on variable-sized tablet computers with comprehensive band coverage,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 15, pp. 1152-1155, 2016.
[8] I. Syrytsin, S. Zhang, and G. F. Pedersen, “Performance investigation of a mobile terminal phased array with user effects at 3.5 GHz for LTE advanced,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 16, pp. 226-229, 2017.
[9] W. W. Lee, and Y. S. Cho, “A high-isolation MIMO antenna with dual-feed structure for WIFI of mobile phones,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 59, pp. 930-934, Feb. 2017.
[10] J. Guo, J. Fan, L. Sun, and B. Sun, “A four-antenna system with high isolation for mobile phones,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 12, pp. 979-982, 2013.
[11] K. L. Wong, J. Y. Lu, L. Y. Chen, W. Y. Li, and Y. L. Ban, “8-antenna and 16-antenna arrays using the quad-antenna linear array as a building block for the 3.5-GHz LTE MIMO operation in the smartphone,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 58, pp. 174-181, Nov. 2016.
[12] K. L. Wong and J. Y. Lu, “3.6-GHz 10-antenna array for MIMO operation in the smartphone,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 57, pp. 1699-1704, Apr. 2015.
[13] K. L. Wong, C.Y. Tsai, and J. Y. Lu, “Two asymmetrically mirrored gap-coupled loop antennas as a compact building block for eight-antenna MIMO array in the future smartphone,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 65, pp. 1765-1778, Apr. 2017.
[14] http://www.ansys.com/products/hf/hfss/, ANSYS HFSS.
[15] Y. A. S. Dama, R. A. Abd-Alhameed, S. M. R. Jones, D. Zhou, N. J.McEwan, M. B. Child, and P. S. Excell, “An envelope correlation formula for (N,N) MIMO antenna arrays using input scattering parameters, and including power losses,” International Journal Antennas Propag., vol. 2011, Article ID 421691, 2011.
[16] E. Telatar, “Capacity of multi‐antenna gaussian channels,” European transactions on telecommunications, vol. 10, pp. 585-595, 1999.
[17] Rohde&Schwarz (R&S), [Online]. Available: http://www.rohde-schwarz.com.tw/ PrecompiledWeb/Index.aspx