本實驗將不同體積百分濃度的石墨烯溶液摻入鉬氧化物奈米顆粒溶液 (MoOx NPs)，並應用於反置式有機太陽能電池的陽極緩衝層。為了探討此製程對元件之作用，摻入些許型號為PH1000的PEDOT : PSS導電高分子使陽極緩衝溶液可用於旋轉塗佈製程。
首先將市售鉬粉溶於溶劑內用雙氧水充分氧化，配製成濃度為0.02M的MoOx NPs溶液用於後續研究。石墨烯溶液分別為5% 、10%和15%的體積百分比加入MoOx NPs : PEDOT : PSS溶液，應用於元件中。元件結構為ITO/ZnO/PCBM：P3HT/陽極緩衝層/Ag。
透過比較不同陽極緩衝層的元件，蒸鍍製程與0%、5%、10%與15%的石墨烯摻雜溶液製程，在太陽能模擬器AM1.5G 100 mWcm-2 光源照射下，元件效率分別為2.3%、2.8%、3.0%、2.6%與2.58%，短路電流分別為5.86 mAcm-2 、 6.15 mAcm-2 、 9.64 mAcm-2、 8.89 mAcm-2與8.11 mAcm-2。
由結果可知，5%石墨烯摻雜元件表現最好。在接觸上，PEDOT：PSS與主動層有良好接觸，MoOx NPs與金屬電極有良好接觸，使溶液製程的陽極緩衝層易於傳輸電洞，而石墨烯作為PEDOT：PSS與MoOx NPs間載子傳遞橋梁，能進一步提升載子傳遞的效率。電洞在陽極緩衝層能夠更加有效傳遞，導致短路電流明顯提升，進而提升光電轉換效率。

In this study, different volume percentage graphene solutions were doped into molybdenum oxide nanoparticle solution (MoOx NPs) and then applied it to the anode buffer layer of the inverted organic solar cells. In order to investigate the effect of this process on the devices, some conductive polymer PEDOT: PSS (PH1000) was used to make the anode buffer solution by spin coating process available.
First, to prepare 0.02 M MoOx NPs solution for later experiment, the commercially available molybdenum powder was dissolved in a solvent and sufficiently oxidized with hydrogen peroxide. The graphene solution was added to the MoOx NPs at 5%, 10% and 15% volume percentage, and then applied them individually to the device. The device structure is ITO/ZnO/PCBM:P3HT/anode buffer layer/Ag.
By comparing devices with different anode buffer layer, evaporation process and 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% graphene doping solution process, were irradiated by the light source from solar simulator in condition of AM1.5G 100 mWcm-2, respectively, the conversion efficiencies were 2.3%, 2.8%, 3.0%, 2.6% and 2.58%, and the short-circuit currents were 5.86 mAcm-2, 6.15 mAcm-2, 9.64 mAcm-2, 8.89 mAcm-2 and 8.11 mAcm-2.
According to the results, the 5% graphene doped device performs best. In the part of contact, PEDOT : PSS has a good contact with the active layer, MoOx NPs have good contact with the metal electrode, and graphene is a bridge between the PEDOT : PSS and the MoOx NPs, so that the holes can be easily transported in the solution process. The holes in the anode buffer layer can be transferred more effective, resulting in a significant increase in the short-circuit current, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

中文審定書 i
英文審定書 ii
致謝 iii
摘要 iv
Abstract v
目錄 vii
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xii
第一章 序論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 太陽能電池的種類與介紹 3
1-3 有機太陽能電池結構與技術發展 5
1-3-1有機太陽能電池單層結構 5
1-3-2有機太陽能電池異質介面 6
1-3-3混和層異質介面 7
1-3-4緩衝層與陽極緩衝層 8
1-4 石墨烯材料特性介紹 9
1-5 文獻回顧 11
1-5 研究動機 14
第二章 基礎理論 16
2-1 能量及電荷轉移機制 16
2-2 有機太陽能電池工作原理 18
2-3 太陽能電池元件等效電路 22
2-3 有機太陽能電池元件操作分析 23
2-3-1開路電壓 (Open Circuit Voltage, VOC) 24
2-3-2 短路電流 (Short Circuit Current, ISC) 24
2-3-3 填充因子 (Fill Factor, FF) 24
2-3-4 功率轉換效率 (Power Conversion Efficiency, PCE) 25
2-3-5串聯電阻 (series resistance, Rs) 25
2-3-6並聯電阻 (shunt resistance, Rsh) 25
第三章 實驗 26
3-1 實驗架構 26
3-2 實驗藥品 28
3-3 製程設備 30
3-4 量測分析儀器與方法 31
3-4-1 太陽光譜模擬測量系統 (Solar Simulator) 31
3-4-2 表面輪廓儀 (Surface Profiler / Alpha-step) 32
3-4-3 X光光電子能譜儀 (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, XPS) 33
3-5 藥品配製 34
3-6 實驗步驟 35
3-6-1 ITO基版圖形蝕刻 35
3-6-2 反置式有機太陽能電池基礎元件製程 36
3-6-3 反置式有機太陽能電池元件製程 38
第四章 結果與討論 39
4-1 不同環境下MOOX NPS的變化 39
4-2 MOOX NPS 成分分析與元件初步製作比較 41
4-2-1 XPS分析 41
4-2-2 初步元件分析 43
4-2-3 基礎元件壽命分析 45
4-3 陽極緩衝層元件數據優化比較 46
4-4 石墨烯不同摻雜濃度元件比較與穩定性分析 50
第五章 總結 53
參考文獻 55

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