目前台灣給水水源以河川及水庫水為最主要的來源，全台半數公共飲水水庫優養化嚴重、藻類叢生，而產生水源中藻類毒素及臭味物質問題，又加上自然界動植物生長代謝、或經微生物腐植化作用所產生的天然有機物、或經人為作用排放合成的有機化合物、及經消毒或其他化學反應所產生的副產物、工業廢水等等，使得水中有機物大量增加。本研究以一座淨水場為對象，由於淨水場原水中總有機碳含量高，導致處理後清水之總有機碳(TOC)與生物可利用有機碳(AOC)濃度高於內控濃度值，故降低此二項濃度之處理效能為本研究目的。本研究方法於淨水廠快濾出水處裝置一套生物活性碳濾床(BACF)進行處理效能實驗與水質分析。實驗結果顯示淨水廠之原水的TOC與AOC分別為0.96~1.39 mg/L與148~179 µg acetate- C/L，經混凝沉澱池與快濾池處理後之TOC與AOC分別降低為0.84~1.20 mg/L、與95.0~153µg acetate- C/L，快濾出水後再經本套模組BACF處理後出水之TOC與AOC分別可降至0.22~0.30 mg/L、與76.1~95.0 µg acetate- C/L。顯示生物活性碳濾床可以有效降低快濾池出水TOC低於內控目標1mg/L與AOC低於內控目標100µg acetate- C/L濃度。

The resources of water supplies are mainly containing rivers and reservoirs now in Taiwan. Half of public supplies on drinking water are existing problems of serious eutrophication and algae’s growth. And this will cause the algae’s toxicity and odor’s materials in water resources. The concentration of organic compounds in raw water is increased by several reasons such as metabolism of animal-plant in nature、humus reaction of microorganism in producing natural organic materials、artificial emissions of organic materials、disinfection by products in disinfection and other chemical reactions、and industrial wastewaters. In this study the purpose of this work is selecting a water treatment plant (WTP) to investigate the reduction of TOC and AOC in treated clean water. The concentrations of reduction in outlet should be lower than inner control target values on TOC and AOC. In experimental methods a BACF system was devised at outlet of rapid filter in this water treatment plant to study the treatment efficiency and water analysis. The results showed the original concentrations of TOC and AOC in raw water were 0.96~1.39 mg/L and 148~179 µg acetate- C/L respectively in this WTP. By through units of coagulation, sedimentation, and rapid filter in WTP the concentrations of TOC and AOC in water were reduced to 0.84~1.20 mg/L and 95.0~153µg acetate- C/L respectively. The most important the concentrations of TOC and AOC in outlet of a BACF treatment system were obtained 0.22~0.30 mg/L and 76.1~95.0 µg acetate- C/L respectively. This finding indicates this BACF treatment system could effectively lower the values of TOC and AOC to pass the inner control target 1mg/L and 100µg acetate- C/L.

論文審定書 i
謝 誌 ii
摘 要 iii
Abstract iv
圖 次 vi
表 次 viii
第一章　前　　言 1
1-1　研究緣起 1
1-2　研究內容 1
第二章　研究背景與文獻整理 3
2-1　淨水場原水來源及供水現況 3
2-1-1　水庫概述 3
2-1-2　淨水場概述 7
2-2　臭味成因及控制方法 8
2-2-1　臭味物質成因 9
2-2-2　臭味物質控制方法 11
2-3　粉狀活性碳去除臭味物質 13
2-3-1　粉狀活性碳對土霉味物質的吸附 13
2-3-2　影響粉狀活性碳吸附原因 14
2-4　活性碳概述 16
2-4-1　活性碳吸附原理 17
2-5　生物活性碳濾床之後處理有機物 20
2-5-1　水體中有機物 20
2-5-2　生物活性碳濾床（Biological activated carbon filter，BACF） 22
2-5-3　生物濾床處理自來水原水有機物 27
第三章　研究方法及步驟 28
3-1　研究流程及架構 28
3-2　水質項目 31
3-3　採樣前置作業與品保品管作業 32
3-4　蒐集及整理生物活性碳濾床處理快濾池出水 32
第四章 結果與討論 34
4-1 淨水場淨水單元水質 34
4-2 生物活性碳濾床處理快濾池出水之效能 58
第五章 結論與建議 64
5-1 結 論 64
5-2 建 議 64
參考文獻 65

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