在電力自由化環境下，輸電系統在現代電力市場中逐漸扮演著一個非常重要的角色。儘管累積過去十年來廣泛的電力重建經驗，但有關如何組織最完善的輸電網路，以提供良好可靠度管理及市場交易機制，仍然是一個公開的重要議題。然而缺乏適當機制來從事輸電服務之拆解，則不可能顧及到電力由契約路徑擴散到網路中造成的作用，當參與者不願承擔輸電服務的責任時，市場便難以有效運作。將輸電損失及輸電費用分配給市場參與者，是輸電服務拆解中的必要工作，本論文提出兩個方法，以在技術及經濟上提供相關之訊息。
第一種方法以電路理論為基礎，開發一個新計算程序來追蹤在輸電線上流動的電力，先計算個別發電機或負載所貢獻的線路電流；而輸電網路即被分解為不同的網路，在每個分解網路中，注入各匯流排之功率以及在線路上流動之功率分量只和一部發電機或負載注入系統之電力有關。以在輸電線上流動的實功率分量為基礎，輸電損失及補償費用分配能容易地被執行。
在第二種方法中，以交流負載潮流為基礎所發展的注入偏移量分佈因子用來計算一般化發電及負載分佈因子，後者可用來獲得發電機及負載在每條輸電線上所貢獻的實功率流分量。本文提出三個匯流排導向策略來分配輸電損失，其目標是為了減少分佈因子計算數量以及反映競爭市場的實際活動。而線路上由發電機及負載所導致的虛功率流，則使用本文提出的虛功率分佈因子來獲得。以在輸電線上流動的複數功率分量為基礎，使用本文提出之輸電費用分配法，來索取系統參與者在網路中所造成衝擊的費用。為了將輸電服務之可靠度一併加入計算，所回收服務費用成份包括各別在常態及偶發事故狀態下索取的費用。

Under deregulated environments, transmission system is playing an increasingly vital role in the modern power markets. Despite the widespread experience of electricity restructuring during the past decade, important issues remain open about the best way to organize transmission to support reliability management and market trading. In the absence of an appropriate mechanism for the transmission services unbundling, it is unlikely to take into consideration the effects of power flows that diverge from the contract path. When individuals do not confront the respective responsibility for the transmission services, the market outcome will be inefficient. Allocations of transmission loss and costs to the market participants are essential for the transmission services unbundling. In this respect, two methods are proposed in this dissertation to provide technical and economical signals for the allocations.
Based on circuit theory, the first method proposes a new procedure to trace the power flows on the transmission lines. Starting with the computation of an individual generator’s or load’s contributions to the line currents, the network is then decomposed into different networks. In each decomposed network, bus injections and line power flows are replaced by components related to only one generator or load. Based on the components of real power flow on the transmission lines, the allocations of transmission loss and supplementary cost can be easily performed.
In the second method, AC power flow based injection shift distribution factors (ISDFs) are exploited for calculating generalized generation distribution factors (GGDFs) and generalized load distribution factors (GLDFs). GGDFs and GLDFs can be used to derive the components of the real powers on each transmission line contributed by the generators and loads. Three bus-oriented schemes are proposed to allocate the transmission loss. They are aimed to reduce the number of distribution factor computation and to reflect the activity in a competitive market. The reactive powers incurred on transmission lines due to the generators and loads are also derived using the reactive power distribution factors (RPDFs). Based on the components of complex power flow on the transmission lines, transmission cost allocation methods are proposed to charge the impacts of power transactions on the network. In order to take the service reliability into account the service charges consist of the components representing normal and the contingency states respectively.

摘要…………………………………………………………………………I
Abstract……………………………………………………………………III
目錄…………………………………………………………………………V
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………VII
表目錄………………………………………………………………………VIII
符號表………………………………………………………………………IX

第一章 緒論………………………………………………………………1
1.1 研究背景及動機……………………………………………1
1.2 本論文探討的問題及貢獻…………………………………3
1.3 本論文組織架構……………………………………………8
第二章 相關問題與方法之概述……………………………………………9
2.1 簡介…………………………………………………………9
2.2 各種電力潮流追蹤及輸電損失分配法……………………10
2.3 各種輸電服務索費策略……………………………………14
2.4 討論…………………………………………………………26
第三章 基本電路理論電力追蹤法…………………………………………27
3.1 簡介…………………………………………………………27
3.2 輸電功率流動之分解………………………………………28
3.2.1 電流分量的計算…………………………………………29
3.2.2 功率流分量的計算………………………………………31
3.3 以實功率流分量為基礎輸電損失之分配…………………33
3.4 以實功率流分量為基礎輸電補償費用分配法……………36
3.5 本章結論……………………………………………………38
第四章 交流電力分佈因子分解法…………………………………………40
4.1 簡介…………………………………………………………40
4.2 輸電功率流動之分解………………………………………41
4.2.1注入偏移量分佈因子ISDFs之推導………………………42
4.2.2 交流實功率分佈因子GGDFs和GLDFs之推導……………45
4.3 匯流排導向輸電損失分配法………………………………49
4.4 複數功率流分量的計算…………..………………………52
4.5 以複數功率分量為基礎之輸電補償費用分配法…………55
4.6 本章結論……………………………………………………58
第五章 測試結果與討論……………………………………………………60
5.1 基本電路理論電力追蹤法之應用…………………………61
5.2 交流電力分佈因子分解法之應用…………………………67
5.2.1 分佈因子分解法與其他電力追蹤法之比較……………67
5.2.2 輸電損失之分配與討論…………………………………71
5.2.3 輸電補償費用之分配與討論……………………………75
5.3 本章結論……………………………………………………79
第六章 結論及未來研究方向………………………………………………81
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………86
附錄A 電力事業演進過程…………………………………………………92
附錄B 電業自由化後的市場機制…………………………………………96
附錄C 目前台灣電業法對電業市場的設計………………………………104

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