在本論文中，我們研究陣列理論及陣列設計方法，以設計一組合垂射共線天線陣及牆角形反射器之扇型天線，使之適合基地台之使用。為減低同頻幹擾，此一天線在水平面將輻射一扇形場型，在這方向之場型將由一牆角形天線加以調整。在鉛垂面上，此一天線將產生一較窄之波束以提供較高之天線增益。由於一般均勻天線之旁瓣位準無法有效降低，會造成幹擾，因此我們擇用契比雪夫法及泰勒法等非均勻天線設計法，計算出不同要求的設計參數，並設計出反射器結構，組合成一120度扇形天線。此外，我們探討切換波束式智慧型天線的原理，設計製作一組4×1的微帶陣列天線，以模擬切換式系統的作並量測其效能。

In this thesis, we study the array theory and the array synthesis methods to design a sector antenna composed of a broadside collinear array and a corner reflector that is suitable for base stations. The antenna produces a sector beam in the horizontal plane to reduce the co-channel interference. In the elevation plane the antenna produces a narrower beam in order to achieve a higher gain. A uniform array is known to produce a high side lobe level which will cause serious interference. Therefore, Dolph-Tchebyscheff linear array method and Taylor line source method are utilized for the antenna design. We also design the structure of corner reflector which is combined with an array to form the sector antenna. We also study the switched-beam system, design and fabricate a 4×1 microstrip patch antenna array to simulate the operation of the system and measure its performance.

Contents
Acknowledgement ii
摘 要 iv
Abstract v
Contents vi
List of Figures viii
List of Tables xi
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 BACKGROUND 1
1.2 STATEMENT OF PURPOSE 2
1.3 OUTLINE OF THE ESSAY 2
Chapter 2 Array Antenna Theory 3
Chapter 3 Array Synthesis Methods and Design 6
3.1 DOLPH-TCHEBYSCHEFF LINEAR ARRAY METHOD 6
3.2 TAYLOR LINE SOURCE METHOD 15
3.3 DOWNTILT ANGLE 25
Chapter 4 The performances and design parameters of sector antennae 28
4.1 SECTORING IN CELLULAR SYSTEM 29
4.2 CORNER REFLECTOR 30
4.3 THE CONFIGURATION OF SECTOR ANTENNA 32
4.4 SUMMARY 42
Chapter 5 Implementation of a 4×1 switched-beam array 45
5.1 SWITCHED-BEAM SYSTEM 46
5.2 MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA 50
5.3 DESIGN AND SIMULATION 55
5.4 IMPLEMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT 59
5.5 SUMMARY 64
Chapter 6 Conclusion and Further Research 65
Bibliography 67
Appendix Ⅰ 69
Appendix Ⅱ 74
Appendix Ⅲ 79
Appendix Ⅳ 84

[1] T. S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, Prentice Hall, 1996
[2] W. C. Y. Lee, Mobile Cellular Telecommunications, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, 1995
[3] A. U. Bhobe and P. L. Perini, “An Overview of Smart Antenna Technology for Wireless Communication,” Aerospace Conference, IEEE Proceedings., vol. 2 , pp. 2/875 -2/883, 2001
[4] W. L Stutzman and G. A. Thiele, Antenna Theory and Design, John Wiley & Sons, 1998
[5] C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis & Design, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1997
[6] R. C. Hansen, Phased Array Antennas, John Wiley & Sons, 1997
[7] R. C. Hansen, Microwave Scanning Antennas, Peninsula Publishing, 1985
[8] J. Wu and D. Yuan, “Antenna downtilt performance in urban environments,” MILCOM '96, Conference Proceedings, IEEE, Volume: 3, Page(s): 739 -744 vol.3, 1996
[9] G. L. Stüber, Principles of mobile communication, Kluwer Academic, 1996
[10] KATHREIN-werke KG, Kathrein Catalogue, 2001
[11] J. C. Liberti and T. S. Rappaport, Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications :IS-95 and Third Generation CDMA Applications, Prentice Hall, 1999
[12] H. L. Bachman, ”Smart antennas-the practical realities,” Proc. IEEE Aerospace Conference, pp.60-70, 1997
[13] B. Pattan, Robust Modulation Methods and Smart Antennas in Wireless Communication, Prentice Hall, 2000
[14] A. Angelucci, P. Audagnotto, P. Corda, P. Obino, F. Piarulli and B. Piovano, “High performance microstrip networks for multibeam and reconfigurable operation in mobile-radio systems,” IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, vol.3, pp.1717–1721, 1994
[15] R. Comitangelo, D. Minervini and B. Piovano, “Beam forming networks of optimum size and compactness for multibeam antennas at 900 MHz,” IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, vol.4, pp. 2127-2130, 1997
[16] G. Y. Delisle and K. Hettak, ”Smart antenna design with millimeter wave arrays,” VTC 1999 - Fall. IEEE VTS 50th, Volume: 3, Page(s): 1351-1355 vol.3, 1999
[17] L. I. Basilio, M. A. Khayat, J. T. Williams and S. A. Long, “The dependence of the input impedance on feed position of probe and microstrip line-fed patch antennas,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Volume: 49, Issue: 1, Page(s): 45 –47, 2001
[18] W. X. Sheng, J. Zhou, D. G. Fang and Y. C. Gu, “Super Resolution DOA Estimation in Switched Beam Smart Antenna,” Antennas, Propagation and EM Theory, Proceedings ISAPE 2000, 5th International Symposium on, Page(s): 603 –606, 2000
[19] K. L. Wong, Compact and broadband microstrip antennas, John Wiley & Sons, 2002