本研究調查2001年-2003年台灣東北角和美岩岸（GPS：25o06’80”N；121o54’60”E）潮下帶大型海藻總單位面積覆蓋率及生物量(溼重及乾重)豐度及群聚之時間變化，及其與環境因子變異之關係，同時探討影響石花菜資源量之可能原因及管理模式。本文是第一篇有關於東北角大型海藻生物量及覆蓋率等豐度調查及群聚時間變異之研究。研究期間記錄之大型海藻總類共有27科67種 (綠藻5科13種，褐藻3科8種，紅藻19科46種)，石花菜科之細翼枝菜及牛角樹屬於溫帶性海藻種類。2001-2003年東北角和美大型海藻總覆蓋率及單位面積濕重及乾重生物量有明顯年度及季節的時間變化，然而每一年的季節變動變異不同，年度季節韻律發生改變主要是2001年趨勢與2002及2003年不同。總單位面積生物量時間變動是由細翼枝菜、牛角樹、大邊孢藻、扇狀叉珊藻及角叉菜構成。多變量及單變量分析指出大型海藻群聚時間變異明顯，依採樣時間進行之群聚變動分析 (ANOSIM及SIMPER分析) 證實群聚年度之季節韻律在三年均不相同，與大型海藻總及細翼枝菜單位面積覆蓋率及生物量年度之季節韻律不同之趨勢相符。大型海藻群聚及其豐度時間變異 (即各年度的季節韻律改變) 原因是水溫、夏季之最高溫、冬季之最低溫、營養鹽及颱風。優勢藻細翼枝菜最適生長水溫20-25℃範圍落在和美春夏季水溫範圍，所以可在春夏季大量生長而冬季受低溫限制其生長。颱風是2001年群聚與2002及2003年群聚變異及細翼枝菜生物量改變的因子之一，營養鹽的氮是2001年限制細翼枝菜之生長而磷是2003年限制因子。
東北角石花菜之自然資源量受冬季低溫限制，也受營養鹽長期變動及突發之環境波動 (颱風)影響。水體磷鹽持續降低，石花菜自然資源量可能會持續下降且2003年對石花菜採摘量突昇，尤其是在生物量已降低的冬季仍進行採摘，推測會造成自然資源量無法恢復，極可能是2004年石花菜產量下降的原因。石花菜藻膠含量是石花菜價值之一， 東北角細翼枝菜藻膠含量有年度及季節差異，與生物量趨勢相反，與溫度有關。此外細翼枝菜藻膠含量也受氮鹽濃度增加及磷鹽濃度降低而降低。推測冬季生物量是決定下一年度石花菜產量的關鍵，冬季過度採摘可能導致下一年度石花菜資源量無法恢復，建議東北角石花菜於冬季必須進行野外採摘量的控管以維持資源的永續。

Temporal variations of macroalgal cover and biomass (wet weight and dry weight) abundance and assemblage structure, and also the relationships between abiotic factors and assemblage structure, were studied in northeastern Taiwan (GPS: 25o06’80”N; 121o54’60”E）during 2001-2003. This study also investigated the causes affecting Gelidium natural resource and its management. Twenty-seven families with 67 species (5 families with 13 species for Chlorophyta, 3 families with 8 species for Phaeophyta, 19 families with 46 species for Rhodophyta) were recorded. The dominant species such as Pterocladiella capillacea and Polyopes polyideoides belong to temperate species. Macroalgal coverage, areal biomass, diversity, eveness and assemblage structure during 2001-2003 showed significant temporal changes with year and seasonal variations; however, the seasonal rhythm is changing between years. The seasonal pattern is different between 2001 and 2002/2003, biomass peaked in spring of 2002 and 2003. Pterocladiella capillacea, Polyopes polyideoides, Marginisporum crassissimum, Jania ungulate and Chondrus ocellatus contribute to temporal variations in assemblage structure. The results of multi-variate and uni-variate analysis suggest significant temporal variations in macroalgal assemblage structure in northeastern Taiwan, and the data from ANOSIM and SIMPER analysis demonstrated that the seasonal pattern was variable between years, in which it is coincident with seasonal variations in macroalgal abundance. Water temperature, summer high temperature, winter low temperature, nutrient and typhoon are attributable to temporal variations in macroalgal assemblage structure.
Low temperature in winter, nutrient availability, and also typhoon restrict the natural resource of Gelidium in northeastern Taiwan; it is hypothesized that low P condition together with enhanced collection deep the decline of Gelidium resource, finally limiting the recovery of Gelidium population in next year. We found that the agar contents of Pterocladiella capillacea showed year and season variations with a negative relationship to biomass. Temporal fluctuations in agar contents was enhanced by low temperatures and high P but decreased by high N. Based on the observations, we conclude that over-collection in winter results in a decline of Gelidium resource in the coming years, thus it could be suggested that winter collection has to be controlled to maintain the sustainable utilization of Gelidium in northeastern Taiwan.

一、前言1
二、材料與方法20
三、結果35
四、討論84
五、參考文獻101
附錄114

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