本論文針對台電輸電線保護電驛系統之可靠度進行分析，並藉由馬可夫理論建立起可靠度模型，另外針對分析多種元件之組合時，可依各種狀態建立馬可夫傳輸矩陣，進行各種輸電線載波保護電驛之分析。
本論文首先將對各種輸電線保護方式，並建立保護電驛、通訊設備、斷路器間的可靠度區塊模型，並加以整合分析。此外亦應用馬可夫模型進行可靠度及確定率的分析，並根據台電公司的訂定目標可獲得最適電驛維護週期之問題，達到供電系統電驛保護之可靠。在求解可靠度的方法上，有狀態空間法，網路法等，其中以馬可夫模型的建立最為複雜，但使用本方法可較確切的將各種機率狀態表示為時變模型，進而求解狀態在隨機空間內，任一時間點的模型函數。在建立馬可夫時變傳輸矩陣後，利用拉氏轉換後之關係，進行矩陣運算，可以使求解時變函數過程中變為較容易，完成保護系統之可靠度分析。利用分析結果，可降低設備維護不良之斷電機率及節省維護人力。
由於輸電線之健全會直接影響變電所轄區用戶之供電，輸電線的故障往往會造成嚴重之用戶損失，本文以台電高屏供電區營運處之輸電架構進行分析，考慮用戶斷電損失模型，並結合設備投資、人力維護成本為目標適應函數，進行最佳化分析。利用免疫演算法求解最少成本之保護電驛數量及配置，滿足系統保護之可靠度，並推導各種投資方案與經濟效益關係。本方法與一般遺傳法不同處在於可保留適合度較高之抗體，以確保求解最佳適合度保護電驛系統規劃。藉由分析電驛配置最佳化之結果，其可提升保護系統之可靠度，以減少用戶斷電損失。

The objective of this thesis is to enhance the reliability analysis of Relaying systems and build-up model by Markov theory for taipower transmission lines. The set of combinatory multi-elements can be expressed a transition matrix for any pilot protection analysis. The protective reliability system need for transmission protection is introduced and the block modeling consists of protective relays, communication set and circuit breaker. The block modeling is applied for the analysis of the reliability and availability of protection systems by Markov theory, which can be need to derive the adapative maintance cycle by Markov reliability modeling. The system reliability is analysis related to the interruption of supply power. There many methods to be used for the analysis of system reliability such as state space, network. etc. The Markov modeling is more complicated and difficult, however better time-vary probability functions can be defined, for stochastic modeling, the system reliability at any time axis can be obtained by Markov transition matrix, with the time-vary Markov transition matrix.
The customers served by each substation can be affected according to the states of transmission lines healthy. Althouth 80% of system faults occurs in the distribution system, transmission line faults will cause more serious service outage. According to the Kauo-Ping transmission line model in taipower, the optimal protection relay planning is solved by minimizing the overall outage cost of customer service interruption and investment protection relay equipments for transmission power systems with immune algorithm. The objective function and constraints are expressed as antigen, and all feasible solutions are expressed as antibody. The diversity of antibody is then enhanced by proximity of antigen so that the global optimization during the solution process can be obtained. It is found that the power service can be restored effectively with the optimal planning of protection relay by the proposed immune algorithm.
Based on the computer simulation of protection relay planning, different protection relaying strategies optimal relay planning and customer loss, can be considered for different to enhance the reliability of protection relay system for loss interruption of customer power outage.

目 錄
中文摘要 i
英文摘要 iii
目錄 v
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 x
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 2
1.3 論文內容概要 5
第二章 輸電線保護系統 7
2.1 前言 7
2.2 輸電線保護系統架構 7
2.2.1 非載波系統 8
2.2.2 載波系統 16
2.2.3 副線系統 24
2.3 傳統與數位式保護系統分析 26
第三章 保護電驛維護週期與可靠度分析 29
3.1 前言 29
3.2 馬可夫可靠度理論 29
3.2.1 可靠度相關指標 29
3.2.2 可靠度相關機率 31
3.2.3馬可夫可靠度模型 32
3.3 保護電驛可靠度分析 34
3.3.1 可靠度資料 35
3.3.2 台電輸電線保護模型 37
3.3.3可靠度分析 45
3.4 電驛維護週期與分析 52
第四章 應用免疫演算法於保護電驛配置規劃 58
4.1 前言 58
4.2故障模式與效應分析 59
4.2.1網路簡化 59
4.2.2串並聯元件系統可靠度 61
4.3可靠度成本 63
4.3.1用戶損失函數 66
4.3.2迴歸分析 69
4.3.3投資成本估算 72
4.3.4維護人力成本 74
4.3.5目標函數 75
4.4 應用免疫演算法於保護電驛之規劃 75
4.4.1 免疫系統原理 76
4.4.2 雜異度與相似度計算 79
4.5 系統分析 81
4.6 實例模擬 85
第五章 結論與未來研究方向 102
5.1 結論 102
5.2 未來研究方向 103
參考文獻 105

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