梅諾悌 (Gian-Carlo Menotti, 1911-2007) 是美國當代重要的歌劇作曲家之一，他共創作了二十七部歌劇作品。《電話》創作於一九四七年，是一齣獨幕歌劇，原為《靈媒》歌劇的開場戲 (curtain raiser)，是梅諾悌最短的一齣歌劇作品，全長只有二十五分鐘，劇中的歌詞全由梅諾悌自己創作。這齣歌劇《電話》雖然簡短，但架構完整，是梅諾悌最受歡迎的歌劇之一。
由女高音飾演的「露西」(Lucy) 為《電話》歌劇中最主要的角色。「露西」演出的成功與否，為整齣歌劇成敗的關鍵。因「露西」的重要性，本文主要以「露西」一角作為研究主題，除了前言外，本文將以四個部分來論述：梅諾悌的生平和他的主要歌劇作品、梅諾悌《電話》的劇本分析及「露西」的角色塑造、梅諾悌《電話》中「露西」一角的音樂分析以及結語。本文期望透過對於《電話》中，「露西」一角在劇本和音樂上的分析，來探究梅諾悌如何以音樂手法，表現出戲劇所需的氛圍和效果，以及如何以音樂表現「露西」一角情緒的轉變，以及深化演出者的表演層面。

Gian-Carlo Menotti (1911-2007) is one of America’s most distinguished contemporary opera composers. He composed twenty-seven operas. The telephone is a one act play which was composed in 1947 as a curtain raiser for The Medium. The Telephone is his shortest opera which only takes 25 minutes to perform. Menotti wrote all the text in this opera himself. Although The Telephone is short, the structure is complete. It’s one of Menotti's greatest popular operas.
The main character of The Telephone, Lucy, is a soprano. The success of Lucy’s performance is the key to success of the whole opera. Because of the importance of "Lucy", I select "Lucy" as a research topic of the article. Except the preface, my essay contains four main sections: the biography of Menotti and the main operatic works of Menotti, textual analysis of Menotti’s The Telephone and the characterization of Lucy, and the dramaturgy of Lucy. The purpose of this study is to explore how Menotti made use of music device to express the effects and atmosphere in theater, how to create emotional changes of Lucy, and expect to reinforcing profundity in performance.

目錄
論文審定書 i
中文摘要 ii
英文摘要 iii
目錄 iv
一、前言 1
二、梅諾悌的生平和他的主要歌劇作品 3
三、梅諾悌《電話》的劇本分析及「露西」的角色塑造 10
四、梅諾悌《電話》中「露西」的音樂分析 18
五、結語 40
六、參考文獻 43
七、附錄一：《電話》的歌詞翻譯 45
八、附錄二：王馨儀碩士音樂會節目單 59
九、附錄三：王馨儀解說音樂會節目單 61

西文書目
Ardoin, John. The Stages of Menotti. New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1985.
Baker, Theodore. Biographical Dictionary of Musicians. 8th ed. New York: G. Schirmer, 1958.
Barnes, Jennifer. Television Opera: The Fall of Opera Commissioned for Television. Suffolk, UK: Boydell Press, 2003.
Bayliss, Stanley and Cedric Wallis. “Opera and Concert Notices: London.” The Musical Times, vol. 98, no. 1378( Dec., 1957), http://www.jstor.org/stable/937933( accessed Feb. 13, 2012).
Benjamin, Arthur. “The Consul.” Music & Letters, vol. 32 no. 3( Jul., 1951), http://www.jstor.org/stable/729881( Feb. 19, 2012).
Brockett, Oscar G. and Robert J. Ball. The Essential Theatre. 7th ed. CA: Wadsworth, 2000.
DeRemer, Leigh A. ed. Contemporary Musicians, vol. 37. Detroit: Gale, 2002.
Grieb, Lyndal. The Operas of Gian Carlo Menotti, 1937-1972. Metuchen, N.J : Scarecrow Press, 1974.
Grout, Donald J. A Short History of Opera. New York: Columbia University Press, 1965.
Gruen, John. Menotti: A Biography. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1978.
Hixon, Donald L. Gian Carlo Menotti: a Bio-Bibliography. London: Greenwood Press, 2000.
Holden, Randall L. Part I: The Seattle Production of The Telephone by Gian Carlo Menotti. Michigan: University of Washington, 1970.
Knapp, J. Merrill. The Magic of Opera. New York: Harper & Row, 1972.
Kolodin, Irving. The Metropolitan Opera 1883-1966: A Candid History. New York: Knopf, 1966.
Lang, Paul H. The Experience of Opera. New York: Norton, 1971.
Marriot, Richard J. Gian-Carlo Menotti: Total Musical Theatre: a Study of His Opera. Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1975.
Menotti, Gian-Carlo. and Meredith Lillich. “Menotti’s Music Dramas.” Educational Theatre Journal, vol. 11, no. 4 (Dec., 1959), http://www.jstor.org/stable/3204753 ( accessed Feb. 13, 2012).
Oxford Music Online. “Menotti, Gian Carlo,” by Bruce Archibald and Barnes Jennifer. http:// www.oxfordmusiconline.com:80/subscriber/article/grove/music/18410 (accessed Feb. 19, 2012).
Smith, Elizabeth L. “Musical Narrative in Three American One-Act Operas with Libretti by Gian Carlo Menotti: A Hand of Bridge, The Telephone, and Introductions and Good-Byes.” PhD diss., The Florida State University College of Music, 2005.
Wlaschin, Ken. Gian Carlo Menotti on Screen: Opera, Dance and Choral Works on Film, Television and Video. London: McFarland & Company, 1999.
Yarustovsky, Boris and Richard F. French. “Journey to America.” Journal of Research in Music Education, vol. 10, no. 2 ( Autumn, 1962), http://www.jstor.org/stable/3343995 (accessed Feb. 13, 2012).
中文書目
符立中。〈大都會歌劇院的王者—巴伯與梅諾第〉。《表演藝術雜誌》，第190期， 2008。
潘皇龍。《音樂的結構與風格》，台北：全音樂普出版社，1985。
楊沛仁。《音樂史與欣賞》，台北：美樂出版社，2007。
陳慧如。梅諾第歌劇《電話》之詮釋。私立輔仁大學音樂所書面報告，2001。
邵義強。《世界名歌劇饗宴9》，高雄：麗文文化，2003。
布羅凱特( Oscar G. Brockett)。《世界戲劇藝術欣賞》，胡耀恆譯。台北：志文出版社，2001。
音樂之友社編。《新訂標準音樂辭典》，林勝儀譯。台北：美樂出版社，1999。
有聲資料
Cotlow, Marilyn, Soprano and Frank Rogier, Baritone. MENOTTI, G.C.: Medium (The) / The Telephone. Studio orchestra. Emanuel Balaban. Naxos 8.111370. 2011. Originally recorded in 1947.
Farley, Carole, Soprano and Russell Smythe, Baritone. Carole Farley in 'The Telephone' and 'La Voix Humaine'. DVD. Scottish Opera Chamber Orchestra. Jose Serebrier. VAI DVD 4374. 2006. Originally recorded in 1990.
樂譜
Menotti, Gian-Carlo. The telephone. New York: G.. Schirmer Inc., 1986.