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博碩士論文 etd-0624114-190105 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0624114-190105
論文名稱
Title
以滴濾式生物濾床法去除水產飼料製造排氣異味
Study on the biotrickling-biofiltration treatment of odorants emitted from the manufacture of feeding stuffs for aquacultures
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
67
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2014-06-20
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2014-07-24
關鍵字
Keywords
異味、水產飼料、生物滴濾塔
odor control, aquatic feed-stuff manufacture, biotrickling filter
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5690 次,被下載 989
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5690 times, has been downloaded 989 times.
中文摘要
水產飼料在製造過程中,需經高溫乾燥、擠壓造粒,會產生異味及粒狀污染物,異味物質以有機氨、氨氮為主。本研究嘗試以生物滴濾塔去除此類異味物質。生物滴濾塔試驗設備主體為壓克力板,內尺寸為0.1 m(L) × 0.1 m(W) × 0.55 m(H),填充木屑5 L。濾料使用造紙業原料的木屑,乾比表面積約220 m2/m3、外觀為3-5 cm片狀,填充間隙度(void fraction)為0.63,濕填充密度378 kg/m3。
以烘箱100-120oC烘烤魚粉,模擬水產飼料製程產生氨排氣,以鼓風機通入生物滴濾塔。先期試驗中,氣體經濾料之空塔停留時間(EBRT) 2 s,營養鹽添加量800 mL保久乳/(m3濾料.d),可將進氣氨2-8 ppm (平均3.6 ppm)及有機胺5-20 ppm (平均10.5 ppm),分別去除100和95%以上。在最佳參數尋求試驗中,EBRT 2-8 s時,以磷酸調整迴流水pH至6.5,營養源添加量200 mL保久乳/(m3濾料.d),進氣氨11-13 ppm,可處理<3 ppm。排氣經生物滴濾塔,在EBRT 2、4、8 s,進氣異味(稀釋至初嗅值)分別為5,500、39,000、88,400,可以分別處理1300、4120、2320。以EBRT 2 s設計,處理1000 m3氣體所需操作總費用約為NT$ 1.3。
Abstract
High temperature drying and extrusion granulation operations in the manufacturing process of aquatic feed stuff emit gases with high odor intensities and particulates. Ammonia and amine are the major odor components in the vent gas. In the present study, a lab-scale biotrickling filters (BTF) was used for the treatment of ammonia and odorants in the emitted gas. The BTF was constructed of acrylic (inner size 10 cm sq. × 55 cm H) packed with 5 liters (10 cm sq.×50 cm H) wood chips. The wood chips, obtained from a local pulp-manufacturing plant, had sizes of 3-5 cm, a dry specific surface area of 220 m2/m3, void fraction of 0.63 and wet packing density of 378 kg/m3.
The odorous gas for test was produced by baking a bland of market fishmeal in an oven kept at 100-120oC. The gas was blown into the BTF by a blower. In preliminary trials, with an empty-bed-retention time (EBRT) of 2 s for the gas flowing through the packed section and a supplementary milk of 800 mL/m3.d, 2-8 ppm (average 3.6 ppm) ammonia and 5-20 ppm (average 10.5 ppm) amine in the influent gas could be removed to a degree of 100 and over 95%, respectively. In parameter tests, with gas EBRT 2-8 sec, an adjustment of pH to 6.5 by H3PO4 and a supplementary milk of 200 mL/m3.d, 11-13 ppm ammonia in the influent gas could be reduced to less than 3 ppm. Furthermore, with gas EBRT of 2, 4 and 8 s, odor concentrations of 5,500, 39,000 and 88,400 of the influent gas could be reduced to 1,300, 4,120 and 2,320, respectively. It could be concluded that BTF can reduce the odor intensity of the test gas efficiently. It was estimated that a cost for treating 1,000 m3 of the gas using the BTF is around NT$ 1.3 with an EBRT of 2 s.
目次 Table of Contents
論文審定書 i
謝誌 ii
中文摘要 iii
英文摘要 iv
目錄 v
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 ix
第一章 前言 1
1.1研究動機 1
1.2研究目的與內容 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1飼料製程及污染特性 3
2.1.1飼料概述 3
2.1.2魚粉概述 4
2.1.3飼料製程 5
2.1.4污染特性 7
2.2以生物法去除異味相關文獻 7
2.2.1生物濾床去除豬舍產生臭味、硫化氫、氨氮 9
2.2.2利用生物技術控制廢水收集和處理設施產生之臭氣 9
2.2.3探討最佳可行性控制技術-以水產飼料排氣為案例 9
2.2.4甲胺在生物濾床中的生物轉化 10
2.2.5堆肥場除臭 11
2.2.6利用填充蛇木屑的生物滴濾塔處理排氣中氨 12
2.2.7用生物滴濾塔處理排氣中的氨 12
2.2.8長期操作生物滴濾塔去除氨氮 13
2.2.9濕度對生物滴濾塔去除氨氮、氮氧化物生成、
微生物菌落生長之影響
13
2.3異味特性 14
2.3.1異味定義 14
2.3.2 異味物質之量測 14
2.3.3 官能測定法 14
2.4氮循環 15
2.4.1 生物除氮原理 15
2.4.2 硝化作用 16
2.4.3脫硝作用 16
2.5影響硝化的因素 17
2.5.1有機負荷 17
2.5.2溫度 17
2.5.3 pH 17
2.4.4溶氧 18
第三章 實驗材料設備與方法 19
3.1研究架構 19
3.2實驗設備 20
3.3實驗材料 22
3.4檢測項目及分析方法 28
第三章 結果與討論 30
4.1生物馴養及先期試驗 30
4.1.1 氮量變化 31
4.1.2氨與有機胺去除率 32
4.1.3營養鹽 33
4.1.4進出口氣體GC分析 34
4.2最佳參數 35
4.2.1氨氮濃度 35
4.2.2異味判定 37
4.3氮平衡計算 38
4.4處理成本計算 43
4.4.1營養鹽成本 43
4.4.2電力成本 43
第五章 結論與建議 45
5.1結論 45
5.2建議 46
參考文獻 47
附錄 51
附錄一:先期試驗紀錄表 51
附錄二:不同空塔停留時間進出口氨氮濃度 55
附錄三:氮平衡計算數據 56
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