液面晃動問題在現實生活中影響甚大，舉凡陸上運輸的油罐車、海上船舶的儲存桶，或因地震而造成嚴重災害的儲油槽等等，皆造成許多不便與災害。近年來學者針對水波的表面晃動進行許多模擬與實驗的相關研究。模擬的過程中需要許多假設，但過多的假設造成結果與實際並不吻合。而實驗方面目前大部分都是從側面拍攝的二維影像進行討論，但液面晃動是三維的問題，無法以二維的數據有效的討論與研究。因此本實驗採用與現實較符合之圓柱型容器，藉由三維數位影像相關法拍攝此容器在晃動時液體的表面輪廓。圓柱型容器在晃動時波形較複雜，且沿各軸的高度並不一致，所以無法用二維的側面拍攝做討稐，只有三維表面輪廓才能得知晃動時輪廓的真實情況。本研究討論兩種容器(直徑105mm、直徑130mm)與三種水位高度(30mm、45mm、60mm)與兩種液體(水溶液、油漆與水混合溶液(1:1))各別造成之影響並進行三維輪廓之比對。

Liquid sloshing problem is one of the major issue in our life. For instance, tank truck for land transportation, storage tank for sea vessels or oil storage tanks causing serious disasters due to earthquakes, cause many inconveniences and disasters. In recent years, many researchers investigated liquid sloshing problems by using numerical simulations or experiments. However, there are too much assumptions need to be made in simulation, and which results can’t fully describe the real situation. On the other hand, in experiment, most researchers investigated the liquid sloshing problems by taking two-dimensional photos from the side of the tank. But liquid sloshing profile is a three-dimensional phenomenon. Therefore, this study selected the cylindrical container to come closer to reality. This study adopted digital image correlation technique in order to measure the three-dimensional surface profile of a sloshing liquid. When cylindrical container sloshing, the waveform is complex, and its height are inconsistent along each axis. There are only three-dimensional surface profile can describe the real situation when sloshing. This study adopted two container(diameter:105mm、diameter:130mm), and three different liquid depth(30mm、45mm、60mm), and two liquid(water、mixed solution), to compare the effect on surface profile.

論文審訂書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究動機與目的 1
1.2文獻回顧 2
1.2.1數位影像相關法之應用 2
1.2.2數位影像相關法三維量測之發展 4
1.2.3液面晃動之相關研究 6
1.3全文架構 8
第二章 基礎理論 9
2.1數位影像相關法之二維量測 9
2.1.1影像圖片資訊 9
2.1.2影像重建 10
2.1.3物體平面變形理論 11
2.1.4影像相關原理 12
2.1.5影像特徵搜尋 13
2.1.6求取最佳位移函數 13
2.2數位影像相關法之面外位移量測 15
2.2.1旋轉座標理論 16
2.2.2面外位移之理論推導 16
第三章 實驗方法 24
3.1實驗流程簡介 24
3.2實驗設備 24
3.2.1硬體設備 24
3.2.2軟體設備 26
3.3三維數位影像相關法 27
3.3.1比例因子 27
3.3.2影像重建誤差 28
3.3.3角度量測 28
3.4液面晃動三維量測方法之建立 29
3.4.1液面晃動影像分析 29
3.4.2 Matlab建構三維圖形 31
第四章 結果與討論 41
4.1討論同直徑同相位不同深度之表面輪廓特徵 41
4.2討論同溶液同相位不同容器之表面輪廓特徵 42
4.3討論同直徑同水深不同溶液之表面輪廓特徵 43
第五章 結論與未來展望 73
5.1結論 73
5.2未來展望 74
參考文獻 75

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