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博碩士論文 etd-0625114-114444 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0625114-114444
論文名稱
Title
以化學洗滌法去除金屬表面塗裝製程排氣異味
Chemical scrubbing of odorants and VOCs emitted from metal surface-coating operations
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
165
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2014-06-20
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2014-07-25
關鍵字
Keywords
化學洗滌、揮發性有機物、異味、表面塗裝業
odor control, VOCs, surface coating, chemical scrubbing
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5712 次,被下載 113
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5712 times, has been downloaded 113 times.
中文摘要
表面塗裝(surface coating)製程利用塗料或溶劑塗覆產品表面,防止產品腐蝕並美化。塗裝過程產生大量揮發性有機物(VOCs)與異味物質,需加以改善以符合空氣污染物排放標準,亦可降低社區民眾之異味陳情頻率。
本研究以兩種烤漆鋼板塗料烘烤及冷卻段連接處之抽排氣為試樣,利用噴霧冷卻、化學洗滌、活性碳吸附處理該排氣之VOCs及異味。噴霧冷卻主要為將氣相污染物轉移為液相並且降低廢氣溫度;化學洗滌利用次氯酸(HOCl)氧化VOCs及異味;化學洗滌排出之氯氣,可經活性碳吸附去除之。
塗料A排氣試驗結果顯示,在氧化洗滌液有效氯350 mg/L、pH 6.5且液位高度5 cm時,可有效去除排氣中VOCs及異味。進氣總碳氫化合物(THC)濃度為1.1-5.6 ppm as CH4時,其去除率約80%,處理後氣體THC濃度皆小於 1 ppm as CH4。氣體經系統(冷卻塔、反應器、活性碳吸附槽)之空塔停留時間(EBRT)分別為12.4、1.76、1.28秒,各系統(冷卻塔、反應器、活性碳吸附槽)對於THC去除率百分比分別為34、17、26%。廢氣處理前異味濃度為3,090,處理後小於232,符合環保署公告固定污染源空氣污染物排放標準2,000(18 m<h≦50 m)。操作費用估算顯示,以此法洗滌去除VOCs及異味,每1,000 m3排氣處理之藥品(次氯酸鈉、硫酸、活性碳)費用合計約NT$5.5。
塗料B排氣試驗結果顯示,洗滌液有效氯為1,700 mg/L、pH 6.5且液位高度5 cm,進氣THC濃度為58-102 ppm as CH4時,其去除率約75%。各單元系統(冷卻塔、反應器、活性碳吸附槽)對於THC平均去除率分別為36、11、20%。廢氣處理前異味濃度為174,000,處理後小於550,符合排放標準。每1,000 m3排氣處理之藥品(次氯酸鈉、硫酸、活性碳)費用合計約NT$67。建議以化學洗滌串聯鹼性過氧化氫溶液方法,去除VOCs及異味,每1,000 m3排氣處理之藥品(次氯酸鈉、硫酸、過氧化氫、氫氧化鈉)費用合計約NT$16。
Abstract
Surface coating processes use paints with solvents to coat product surfaces to prevent corrosion and decorate products. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other odorous compounds emit during the surface-coating process. If not properly treated, in addition to arising odor complaints, the compounds in the emitted gases would be harmful to the employees of the plants and nearby residents.
In this study, a process combining spray cooling, oxidative scrubbing and granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption has been developed in an attempt to eliminate VOCs and odors from gas streams vented from metal surface coating operations using two kinds of paint. The spray cooling was used to cool down the gas temperature and to absorb a part of the VOCs from the influent gas. The reactor functioned to oxidize the remaining VOCs and odorous compounds using hypochloric acid as an oxidant and the GAC as a reducing agent for converting chlorine emitted from the oxidative scrubber to hydrochloric acid and an adsorbent of the acid.
Results indicate that for the waste gas emitted from paint A, with an oxidative solution with an available chlorine of 350 mg/L at an adjusted pH of 6.5 and a liquid height 5 cm, greater than 80% of total hydrocarbon (THC) in the gas (1.1-5.6 ppm, expressed as methane equivalent) could be removed to as low as less than 1 ppm by the system. Empty bed retention times (EBRT) of 12.4, 1.76 and 1.28s were used for the gas through the cooler, reactor and the GAC column, and THC removal efficiencies of 34, 17 and 26% were obtained, respectively. In addition, odor intensities of the influent gas could be reduced from 3,090 (expressed as dilutions to threshold) to 232, which meets the regulation of <2000 for exhaust gas from an emission pipe with a height of >18m and ≦50m above ground, as set by EPA of Taiwan. Estimations indicate that it requires around 0.22, 0.0183, and 0.057 kg of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution (12% available Cl2), H2SO4 (98%), and GAC, respectively for scrubbing 1000 normal cubic meters (Nm3) of the exhaust gas. Chemical costs totals approximately NT $5.5.
For the waste gas emitted from paint B, with an oxidative solution with an available chlorine of 1,700 mg/L at pH 6.5 and a liquid height 5 cm, greater than 75% of THC in the gas (58-102 ppm, expressed as methane equivalent) could be removed. EBRTs of 12.4, 1.76 and 1.28s were used for the gas through the cooler, reactor and the GAC column, and THC removal efficiencies of 36, 11 and 20% were obtained, respectively. Odor intensities of the influent gas could be reduced from 174,000 to 550. Estimations indicate that it requires around 1.50, 0.127, and 0.82 kg of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution (12% available Cl2), H2SO4 (98%), and GAC, respectively for scrubbing 1000 Nm3 of the exhaust gas. Chemical costs totals approximately NT $67. It is suggested a two-stage scrubbing process is used to remove VOCs and odors, using NaOCl solution as an oxidation liquor and H2O2 solution as an reduction liquor. Estimations indicate that it requires around 1.5, 0.127, 0.123, and 0.22 kg of NaOCl solution (12% available Cl2), H2SO4 (98%), H2O2 solution (35% H2O2), and sodium hydroxide solution (45% NaOH), respectively for scrubbing 1000 Nm3 of the exhaust gas. Chemical cost totals approximately NT $16.
目次 Table of Contents
論文審定書…………………………………………………………i
誌謝…………………………………………………………………ii
中文摘要……………………………………………………………iii
英文摘要……………………………………………………………v
目錄………………………………………………………………… vii
圖目錄………………………………………………………………xi
表目錄………………………………………………………………xiv
第一章 前言……………………………………………………1
1.1研究背景及動機……………………………………………1
1.2研究目的與內容……………………………………………2
第二章 文獻回顧………………………………………………3
2.1揮發性有機物概述…………………………………………3
2.1.1揮發性有機物之定義……………………………………3
2.1.2揮發性有機物之來源……………………………………3
2.1.3揮發性有機物之危害……………………………………5
2.2異味物質概述……………………………………………...6
2.2.1異味物質之定義、來源…………………………………6
2.2.2異味物質之表示方式……………………………………12
2.2.3異味物質之量測方法……………………………………16
2.3表面塗裝業概述……………………………………………17
2.4揮發性有機物及異味物質處理技術概述…………………19
2.5化學洗滌處理技術…………………………………………21
2.5.1濕式洗滌原理…………………………………………....21
2.5.2濕式洗滌技術案例……………………………………….21
2.5.3化學洗滌原理…………………………………………….21
2.5.4化學洗滌氧化劑介紹…………………………………....23
2.5.5化學洗滌技術國內文獻………………………………....26
2.5.6化學洗滌技術國外文獻………………………………....30
2.6質傳模式架構………………………………………………30
2.6.1質傳模式相關文獻……………………………………....33
第三章實驗設備與方法………………………………………..35
3.1研究架構及流程…………………………………………….35
3.2實驗設備…………………………………………………….37
3.3實驗器材…………………………………………………….41
3.4實驗藥品…………………………………………………….41
3.5分析儀器…………………………………………………....42
3.6分析方法…………………………………………………….42
3.7實驗方法…………………………………………………….43
第四章結果與討論……………………………………………..47
4.1總碳氫化合物(THC)去除效率……………………………..47
4.1.1塗料A排氣試驗結果……………………………………...47
4.1.1.1不同有效氯濃度試驗結果……………………............47
4.1.1.2氧化劑不同pH值試驗結果……………………...........60
4.1.1.3氧化劑在不同液位高度試驗結果……………............61
4.1.1.4塗料A排氣處理結論………………………….............64
4.1.2塗料B排氣試驗結果……………………………………...65
4.1.2.1不同有效氯濃度試驗結果……………………….........66
4.1.2.2氧化劑在不同液位高度試驗結果……………….........74
4.1.2.3不同風量試驗結果……………………………….........74
4.1.2.4塗料B排氣處理結論……………………………..........75
4.2排氣異味去除效率…………………………………………..76
4.2.1塗料A排氣異味去除結果………………………………....76
4.2.2塗料B排氣異味去除結果………………………………....77
4.3活性碳對氯氣(Cl2)之去除效率……………………………..79
4.3.1塗料A排氣氧化後之氯氣去除試驗……………………....79
4.3.2塗料B排氣氧化後之氯氣去除試驗……………………....81
4.4吸收模式……………………………………………………...85
4.4.1塗料A之質傳係數………………………………………....87
4.4.2塗料A之模式計算過程…………………………………....87
4.4.3塗料B之質傳係數………………………………………....89
4.4.4塗料B之模式計算過程…………………………………....89
4.4.5質傳模式相關文獻………………………………………...91
4.5質量平衡……………………………………………………...92
4.5.1塗料A之質量平衡……………………………………….....92
4.5.1.1塗料A之質量平衡計算書………………………............93
4.5.2塗料B之質量平衡……………………………………….....96
4.5.2.1塗料B之質量平衡計算書………………………............97
4.6操作費用估算………………………………………………...100
4.6.1塗料A排氣-次氯酸氧化串連活性碳還原法…………. ......100
4.6.2塗料A排氣-次氯酸氧化串連鹼性過氧化氫還原法…. ......101
4.6.3塗料B排氣-次氯酸氧化串連活性碳還原法………….......102
4.6.4塗料B排氣-次氯酸氧化串連鹼性過氧化氫還原法…........103
4.6.5塗料經濟評估整合……………………………………….....105
4.7工程規劃……………………………………………………….106
4.7.1工程規劃計算書………………………………………........108
第五章結論與建議………………………………………………...117
5.1塗料A排氣………………………………………………..........117
5.2塗料B排氣………………………………………………..........118
5.3建議……………………………………………………….........120
參考文獻…………………………………………………………… 121
附錄………………………………………………………………… 125
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