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博碩士論文 etd-0625116-005816 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0625116-005816
論文名稱
Title
燃煤鍋爐及煉鋼燒結爐濕式排煙脫硫系統伴隨之VOC減量研究
Study on the removal of volatile organic compounds by FGD process for waste gas from coal-fired boiler and iron-ore sintering operations
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
101
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2016-06-14
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2016-07-25
關鍵字
Keywords
濕式排煙脫硫系統、燃煤鍋爐、亨利常數、煉鋼燒結爐、揮發性有機物
VOCs, wet FGD, iron-ore sintering flue gas, coal-fired boiler flue gas, Henry's-law constants
統計
Statistics
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中文摘要
煉鋼高爐供料燒結及燃煤鍋爐程序排氣含揮發性有機物(VOCs),當此排氣經濕式排煙脫硫系統(FGD),部分VOC會伴隨硫氧化物(SOx)去除,達到二種污染物併同減量效果。本研究分為煉鋼燒結爐及燃煤鍋爐兩部分,分別進行廢氣濃度連續監測、廢氣揮發性有機物成分分析、洗滌塔進出流水COD (chemical oxygen demand)及TOC (total organic carbon)值分析,以解析現場程序之VOC氣液平衡關係(VOC之亨利常數),並研析VOC去除效率及機制。
氣樣分析顯示,燒結廢氣主要VOCs為丙烷、苯、甲苯及丙酮,現場煉鋼燒結爐排氣FGD連續監測數據顯示,排氣總碳氫化合物(THC)平均去除率為65%,以GC-FID分析所得之非甲烷碳氫化合物(NMHC)去除率有54%。由本研究方法學得知,現場排氣VOC亨利常數(亨利常數=氣相THC濃度(mg/m3@57oC)/洗滌液相THC濃度(mg/m3@57oC))為0.0032,相關THC成分之水溶性甚佳。在煉鋼燒結爐FGD的洗滌水部分,洗滌塔排水COD值為進水之2.7倍,排水TOC值為進水之1.84倍,可知部分氣相有機物係經水洗至洗滌水中。
燃煤鍋爐廢氣主要VOCs物質有丙酮、甲醇、2-丁酮及甲苯,燃煤鍋爐FGD對排氣NMHC去除率為47.6%。FGD洗滌塔排水COD為進水之1.6倍,TOC為進水之1.79倍。
Abstract
Coal-fired boiler and iron-ore sintering operations emit waste gases containing NOx, SOx, particulates, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Wet FGD (flue gas desulfurization) processes are generally used to control SOx emission from the waste gases. Field stuties in a steel-making plant located in sourthern Taiwan showed that over 50% of VOCs are removed in the FGD scrubbers. The present study focused on investigating the mechanisms of removal of VOCs by the scrubbers. VOCs in the influent and effluent gas and scrubbing liquid streams to and from one of the FGD scrubbers for iron-ore sinters and one of the FGD scrubbers for coal-fired boiler were analysed.
Results indicate that main VOCs in the waste gas of the investigated sinter are propane, benzene, and acetone. Fifty four % (54%) of the NMHC (non-methane hydrocarbons) in the influent gas to the FGD can constantly be removed. VOCs in the sinter gas has a dimensionless Henry's-law constant of m=0.0032 (m = gas VOC concentration (mg/m3)/ aqueous VOC concentration (mg/m3)) at an average gas and liquid temperature of 57oC in the scrubber. Parts of acidic VOCs in the gas are absorbed into the neutralized circulation water and COD (chemical oxygen demand) and TOC (total organic carbon) of the effluent water from the scrubber are 2.70 and 1.84 times of the influent one, respectively.
Results also indicate that main VOCs in the waste gas of the investigated coal-fired boiler are acetone, methanol, and toluene. Around forty eight % (48%) of the NMHC in the influent gas to the FGD can be removed. Parts of VOCs in the gas are absorbed into the neutralized circulation water and COD and TOC of the effluent water from the scrubber are 1.60 and 1.79 times of the influent one, respectively.
目次 Table of Contents
目錄
論文審定書i
中文摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 ix
第一章前言 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2研究目的 2
第二章文獻回顧 3
2.1揮發性有機物(VOCs) 3
2.1.1揮發性有機物定義及來源 3
2.1.2揮發性有機物之危害 4
2.1.3揮發性有機物之處理技術 6
2.2燒結 7
2.1.1燒結原理及機制 7
2.2.2燒結原料 9
2.2.3影響燒結之因子 11
2.2.4燒結製成VOCs 12
2.2.5燒結製成VOCs減量方法 16
2.2.6燒結製成-以鋼鐵治煉為例 18
2.3排煙脫硫系統(FGD) 20
2.3.1硫氧化物之定義及來源 20
2.3.2脫硫系統背景與原理 20
2.3.3脫硫系統種類 22
2.4燃煤鍋爐 24
2.4.1燃煤鍋爐之種類 24
2.4.2燃煤鍋爐之燃料 25
2.4.3燃煤鍋爐VOCs成分 28
2.5亨利常數 29
2.5.1亨利定律 29
2.5.2亨利常數之測量 31
2.5.3影響亨利常數之因子 32
2.5.4常見物質之亨利常數 33
第三章實驗設備與方法 35
3.1研究架構與流程 35
3.2實驗設備 36
3.2.1實廠設備 36
3.2.2實驗器材 39
3.2.3實驗藥品 39
3.2.4分析儀器 39
3.2.5分析方法 40
3.3實驗方法 40
第四章結果與討論 44
4.1 VOCs廢氣連續監測 44
4.1.1燒結VOCs廢氣連續監測 44
4.2 THC/NMHC分析結果 50
4.2.1燒結THC/NMHC分析結果 50
4.2.2鍋爐THC/NMHC分析結果 54
4.3 VOCs廢氣成分分析 56
4.3.1燒結廢氣成分分析 56
4.3.2鍋爐廢氣成分分析 59
4.4建立實場表觀VOCs亨利常數量測方法學 60
4.4.1文獻與本研究試驗之亨利常數比較 60
4.4.2建立亨利常數試驗方法 62
4.4.3燒結實場表觀VOCs亨利常數 66
4.5燒結及鍋爐現場COD及TOC數據分析 68
4.5.1燒結現場COD數據 68
4.5.2鍋爐現場COD數據 69
4.5.3燒結現場TOC數據 71
4.5.4鍋爐現場TOC數據 72
第五章結論與建議 73
5.1煉鋼燒結爐 73
5.2燃煤鍋爐 74
5.3建議 74
參考文獻 75
附錄 78
參考文獻 References
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